School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2020 Sep;62(9):1385-1398. doi: 10.1111/jipb.13000. Epub 2020 Aug 22.
The transition to flowering is the most dramatic phase change in flowering plants and is crucial for reproductive success. A complex regulatory network in plants has evolved to perceive and integrate the endogenous and environmental signals. These signals perceived, including day length and temperature, converge to regulate FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which encodes a mobile stimulus required for floral induction in Arabidopsis. Despite the discovery of modulation of FT messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by ambient temperature, whether the trafficking of FT protein is controlled in response to changes in growth temperature is so far unknown. Here, we show that FT transport from companion cells to sieve elements is controlled in a temperature-dependent manner. This process is mediated by multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs) and a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE). Our findings suggest that ambient temperatures regulate both FT mRNA expression and FT protein trafficking to prevent precocious flowering at low temperatures and ensure plant reproductive success under favorable environmental conditions.
向花的转变是开花植物中最显著的阶段变化，对生殖成功至关重要。植物中已经进化出一个复杂的调节网络来感知和整合内源性和环境信号。这些感知到的信号，包括白天长度和温度，汇聚在一起调节开花时间 LOCUS T（FT），FT 编码了拟南芥中花诱导所必需的移动刺激物。尽管已经发现环境温度对 FT 信使 RNA（mRNA）表达的调节，但是 FT 蛋白的运输是否响应生长温度的变化而受到控制目前尚不清楚。在这里，我们表明，FT 从伴细胞到筛分子的运输是受温度控制的。这个过程是由多个 C2 结构域和跨膜区蛋白（MCTP）和一个可溶性 N-乙基马来酰亚胺敏感因子蛋白附着蛋白受体（SNARE）介导的。我们的发现表明，环境温度调节 FT mRNA 表达和 FT 蛋白运输，以防止低温下过早开花，并确保植物在有利的环境条件下生殖成功。
