Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Nov 15;262:113124. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113124. Epub 2020 Jul 28.
Dengue is one of the most important pervasive diseases in many regions of the world, including China. There is an urgent need for new repellents, including plant derivatives, due to the resistance, toxicity, and non-degradability of synthetic insecticides. Traditional plant-based remedies may provide potential avenues for developing new strategies.
The aims of this study were to 1) document the traditional mosquitoes repellent plants used by the Dai people of Xishuangbanna, China; 2) screen out new efficient mosquito repellent plants as candidates for further study.
During the period August 2016 to July 2017, five field surveys were conducted in 16 villages of Xishuangbanna. A total of 81 informants (44 males and 37 females) were interviewed using semi-structured questions to collect detailed information on the plants they use to prevent mosquito bites. Ten plants with higher popularity and larger resource were collected and extracts were prepared by hydro-distillation or with petroleum ether. Extracts were tested for adult Aedes albopictus repellency using a human-bait cage. Firstly, repellency was determined as the Minimum Effective Dosage (MED) per minute at which 1% of the mosquito bite through the treated cloth. Secondly, five plant extracts with lower MEDs were tested the repellent longevity of different concentrations.
Eighteen plants were documented as being used in traditional remedies against mosquitoes. The methods for controlling mosquitoes were diverse: direct burning was used for most plants (16 species), followed by smearing (5 species), and placing (5 species). Laboratory analyses confirmed that ten plants did exhibit mosquito repellent activity. Of them, Artemisia indica, Nicotiana tabacum, Blumea balsamifera, Vitex trifolia, and Chromolaena odorata showed good mosquito repellency with MEDs of 0.015, 0.061, 0.090, 0.090, and 0.105 mg/cm, respectively. The protection rate provided by A. indica is also the highest among five plants. Although it provides complete protection time of only 30 min at 0.45 mg/cm concentration, its repellency within 2 h is not significantly different from that of DEET.
Dai villagers in Xishuangbanna have a rich, diverse and scientific knowledge of plant-based mosquito repellents. Laboratory experiments screened out several plants as candidates for mosquito repellents, of which Artemisia indica was the most promising candidate plant.
登革热是世界上许多地区（包括中国）最重要的流行疾病之一。由于合成杀虫剂的抗药性、毒性和不可降解性，人们迫切需要新的驱虫剂，包括植物衍生剂。传统的植物疗法可能为开发新策略提供潜在途径。
本研究的目的是 1）记录西双版纳傣族人民使用的传统驱蚊植物；2）筛选出新型高效驱蚊植物作为进一步研究的候选物。
2016 年 8 月至 2017 年 7 月期间，在西双版纳的 16 个村庄进行了 5 次实地调查。共采访了 81 名知情者（44 名男性和 37 名女性），使用半结构式问题收集他们用于预防蚊虫叮咬的植物的详细信息。采集了 10 种具有较高知名度和较大资源的植物，并用水蒸气蒸馏法或石油醚提取。采用人体诱捕笼法测试提取物对致倦库蚊的驱避活性。首先，根据处理布上 1%的蚊虫叮咬通过时间确定驱避活性的最小有效剂量（MED）。其次，测试了 5 种 MED 较低的植物提取物在不同浓度下的驱避持续时间。
记录了 18 种被用作传统驱蚊剂的植物。控制蚊虫的方法多种多样：16 种植物采用直接燃烧法，5 种采用涂抹法，5 种采用放置法。实验室分析证实，有 10 种植物具有驱蚊活性。其中，艾蒿、烟草、三叶鬼针草、三叶苦荬菜和马缨丹表现出良好的驱蚊效果，MED 分别为 0.015、0.061、0.090、0.090 和 0.105 mg/cm。在 5 种植物中，艾蒿的保护率最高。尽管在 0.45 mg/cm 浓度下，其完全保护时间仅为 30 分钟，但在 2 小时内的驱避效果与避蚊胺无显著差异。
西双版纳傣族村民拥有丰富、多样和科学的植物驱蚊知识。实验室实验筛选出几种植物作为驱蚊剂的候选物，其中艾蒿是最有前途的候选植物。
