Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
Int Microbiol. 2021 Jan;24(1):1-17. doi: 10.1007/s10123-020-00140-2. Epub 2020 Jul 31.
Agricultural food production and sustainability need intensification to address the current global food supply to meet human demand. The continuous human population increase and other anthropogenic activities threaten food security. Agrochemical inputs have long been used in conventional agricultural systems to boost crop productivity, but they are disadvantageous to a safe environment. Towards developing environmentally friendly agriculture, efforts are being directed in exploring biological resources from soil and plant microbes. The survival of the rhizosphere and endosphere microbiota is influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. Plant microbiota live interdependently with the host plants. Endophytes are regarded as colonizer microbes inhabiting and establishing microbial communities within the plant tissue. Their activities are varied and include fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilizing phosphate, synthesis of siderophores, secretion of metabolite-like compounds containing active biocontrol agents in the control of phytopathogens, and induced systemic resistance that stimulates plant response to withstand stress. Exploring beneficial endophyte resources in the formulation of bio-inoculants, such as biofertilizers, as an alternative to agrochemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) in developing environmentally friendly agriculture and for incorporation into crop breeding and disease control program is promising. Therefore, in this review, endosphere microbial ecology, associating environmental factors, and their roles that contribute to their effectiveness in promoting plant growth for maximum agricultural crop productivity were highlighted.
农业粮食生产和可持续性需要加强，以满足当前全球粮食供应，满足人类需求。不断增长的人口和其他人为活动威胁着粮食安全。农用化学品长期以来一直被用于常规农业系统，以提高作物产量，但它们不利于安全的环境。为了发展环境友好型农业，人们正在努力从土壤和植物微生物中探索生物资源。根际和内生微生物区系的生存受到生物和非生物因素的影响。植物微生物与宿主植物相互依存。内生菌被认为是定殖于植物组织内并建立微生物群落的微生物。它们的活动多种多样，包括固定大气氮、溶解磷酸盐、合成铁载体、分泌含有生物防治剂的代谢物样化合物来控制植物病原菌，以及诱导系统抗性，从而刺激植物对胁迫的反应。在开发环境友好型农业和纳入作物育种和疾病控制计划中，探索有益的内生菌资源以制定生物接种剂（如生物肥料）作为农用化学品（肥料和农药）的替代品是很有前途的。因此，在这篇综述中，强调了内生微生物生态学及其与环境因素的关联，以及它们在促进植物生长以实现最大农业作物生产力方面的作用。
