Chaudhary Suman, Sindhu Satyavir Singh, Dhanker Rinku, Kumari Anju
Research Associate, EBL Laboratory, ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Buffaloes, Hisar 125001, Haryana, India.
Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India.
Microbiol Res. 2023 Jun;271:127340. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127340. Epub 2023 Feb 24.
Reduction in soil fertility and depletion of natural resources due to current intensive agricultural practices along with climate changes are the major constraints for crop productivity and global food security. Diverse microbial populations' inhabiting the soil and rhizosphere participate in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and thereby, improve soil fertility and plant health, and reduce the adverse impact of synthetic fertilizers on the environment. Sulphur is 4th most common crucial macronutrient required by all organisms including plants, animals, humans and microorganisms. Effective strategies are required to enhance sulphur content in crops for minimizing adverse effects of sulphur deficiency on plants and humans. Various microorganisms are involved in sulphur cycling in soil through oxidation, reduction, mineralization, and immobilization, and volatalization processes of diverse sulphur compounds. Some microorganisms possess the unique ability to oxidize sulphur compounds into plant utilizable sulphate (SO) form. Considering the importance of sulphur as a nutrient for crops, many bacteria and fungi involved in sulphur cycling have been characterized from soil and rhizosphere. Some of these microbes have been found to positively affect plant growth and crop yield through multiple mechanisms including the enhanced mobilization of nutrients in soils (i.e., sulphate, phosphorus and nitrogen), production of growth-promoting hormones, inhibition of phytopathogens, protection against oxidative damage and mitigation of abiotic stresses. Application of these beneficial microbes as biofertilizers may reduce the conventional fertilizer application in soils. However, large-scale, well-designed, and long-term field trials are necessary to recommend the use of these microbes for increasing nutrient availability for growth and yield of crop plants. This review discusses the current knowledge regarding sulphur deficiency symptoms in plants, biogeochemical cycling of sulphur and inoculation effects of sulphur oxidizing microbes in improving plant biomass and crop yield in different crops.
当前集约化农业实践以及气候变化导致土壤肥力下降和自然资源枯竭，这是作物生产力和全球粮食安全的主要制约因素。栖息在土壤和根际的各种微生物种群参与养分的生物地球化学循环，从而提高土壤肥力和植物健康状况，并减少合成肥料对环境的不利影响。硫是包括植物、动物、人类和微生物在内的所有生物所需的第四种最常见的关键常量营养素。需要有效的策略来提高作物中的硫含量，以尽量减少硫缺乏对植物和人类的不利影响。各种微生物通过不同硫化合物的氧化、还原、矿化、固定和挥发过程参与土壤中的硫循环。一些微生物具有将硫化合物氧化成植物可利用的硫酸盐（SO）形式的独特能力。考虑到硫作为作物养分的重要性，已经从土壤和根际中鉴定出许多参与硫循环的细菌和真菌。已发现其中一些微生物通过多种机制对植物生长和作物产量产生积极影响，这些机制包括增强土壤中养分（即硫酸盐、磷和氮）的活化、产生促进生长的激素、抑制植物病原体、防止氧化损伤和缓解非生物胁迫。将这些有益微生物作为生物肥料施用可能会减少土壤中传统肥料的施用量。然而，需要大规模、精心设计的长期田间试验，以推荐使用这些微生物来提高作物生长和产量所需的养分有效性。本综述讨论了关于植物硫缺乏症状、硫的生物地球化学循环以及硫氧化微生物接种对不同作物中植物生物量和作物产量的影响的现有知识。
