From the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dalhousie University; the Division of Plastic Surgery, University of British Columbia; and the Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Montreal.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020 Aug;146(2):205e-216e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000006997.
After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe normal ear anatomy and development, and evaluate the patient's ears for differences in shape, size, prominence, and symmetry. 2. Identify common congenital ear deformities, including prominent ear, macrotia, Stahl ear, cryptotia, constricted ear, and lobule anomalies. 3. Describe both early nonoperative management and operative techniques for correction of these ear deformities. 4. Be aware of advantages and disadvantages of common and emerging techniques for correction of pediatric ear deformities.
Whereas severe ear malformations such as microtia/anotia are rare, other ear deformities, such as prominent ear, Stahl ear, and cryptotia, are common. Although these ear deformities result in minimal physiologic morbidity, their psychological and cosmetic impact can be significant. Identifying these common deformities and understanding how they differ from normal ear anatomy is critical to their management. In cases where a deformity is identified in neonatal life, ear molding may obviate the need for surgery. Although various surgical techniques have been described for correction of common ear deformities, the surgeon should follow a careful stepwise approach to address the auricular deformity or deformities present. By using such an approach, complications may be minimized and predictable aesthetic outcomes achieved.
学习本文后，学员应能够：1. 描述正常耳部解剖结构和发育，并评估患者的耳朵形状、大小、突出度和对称性的差异。2. 识别常见的先天性耳部畸形，包括招风耳、巨耳、Stahl 耳、隐耳、狭耳和耳垂畸形。3. 描述这些耳部畸形的早期非手术管理和手术矫正技术。4. 了解常见和新兴的儿童耳部畸形矫正技术的优缺点。
虽然严重的耳部畸形，如小耳/无耳畸形较为罕见，但其他耳部畸形，如招风耳、Stahl 耳和隐耳，则较为常见。尽管这些耳部畸形导致的生理发病率较低，但它们对心理和美容的影响可能很大。识别这些常见的畸形并了解它们与正常耳部解剖结构的差异对其管理至关重要。在新生儿期发现畸形时，耳模可能可以避免手术。尽管已经描述了各种手术技术来矫正常见的耳部畸形，但外科医生应遵循仔细的分步方法来解决存在的耳廓畸形或畸形。通过使用这种方法，可以最小化并发症并获得可预测的美容效果。
