Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; Centre for Translational Neurosciences, Rostock, Germany.
Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Trends Immunol. 2020 Sep;41(9):836-848. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2020.07.003. Epub 2020 Jul 30.
The pleiotropic cytokine transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) plays pivotal roles in different cell types, including immune cells such as T cells, monocytes/macrophages, and microglia. Microglia are essential during physiological and pathological events. Maturation of postnatal microglia, as well as the regulation of the complex functional repertoire of microglia, needs to be carefully orchestrated. However, an understanding of how mammalian microglia maturation and disease-associated microglia activation is regulated remains fragmentary. Here, we summarize recent observations made by employing transgenic approaches to silence microglial TGFβ signaling in mice. These revealed that TGFβ1 and TGFβ signaling are indispensable for microglia maturation, adult microglia homeostasis, and the control of microglia activation in central nervous system pathologies.
多功能细胞因子转化生长因子-β1（TGFβ1）在包括 T 细胞、单核细胞/巨噬细胞和小胶质细胞等免疫细胞在内的不同细胞类型中发挥着关键作用。小胶质细胞在生理和病理事件中是必不可少的。需要精心调控出生后小胶质细胞的成熟以及小胶质细胞复杂功能谱的调节。然而，对于哺乳动物小胶质细胞成熟和与疾病相关的小胶质细胞激活的调控机制仍知之甚少。在这里，我们总结了最近通过转基因方法在小鼠中沉默小胶质细胞 TGFβ 信号的观察结果。这些结果表明，TGFβ1 和 TGFβ 信号对于小胶质细胞的成熟、成年小胶质细胞的稳态以及中枢神经系统疾病中小胶质细胞激活的控制是必不可少的。
