UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub on Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Plant Cell Environ. 2020 Dec;43(12):2932-2956. doi: 10.1111/pce.13865. Epub 2020 Sep 15.
Salinization of land is likely to increase due to climate change with impact on agricultural production. Since most species used as crops are sensitive to salinity, improvement of salt tolerance is needed to maintain global food production. This review summarises successes and failures of transgenic approaches in improving salt tolerance in crop species. A conceptual model of coordinated physiological mechanisms in roots and shoots required for salt tolerance is presented. Transgenic plants overexpressing genes of key proteins contributing to Na 'exclusion' (PM-ATPases with SOS1 antiporter, and HKT1 transporter) and Na compartmentation in vacuoles (V-H ATPase and V-H PPase with NHX antiporter), as well as two proteins potentially involved in alleviating water deficit during salt stress (aquaporins and dehydrins), were evaluated. Of the 51 transformations, with gene(s) involved in Na 'exclusion' or Na vacuolar compartmentation that contained quantitative data on growth and include a non-saline control, 48 showed improvements in salt tolerance (less impact on plant mass) of transgenic plants, but with only two tested in field conditions. Of these 51 transformations, 26 involved crop species. Tissue ion concentrations were altered, but not always in the same way. Although glasshouse data are promising, field studies are required to assess crop salinity tolerance.
由于气候变化，土地的盐渍化可能会增加，从而对农业生产产生影响。由于大多数用作作物的物种对盐分敏感，因此需要提高耐盐性以维持全球粮食生产。本综述总结了转基因方法在提高作物耐盐性方面的成功和失败。提出了一个协调根和地上部耐盐生理机制的概念模型。过量表达参与 Na '排斥'（具有 SOS1 反转运蛋白的 PM-ATPases 和 HKT1 转运蛋白）和 Na 区隔在液泡中的关键蛋白基因（V-H ATPase 和 V-H PPase 与 NHX 反转运蛋白）以及两种可能参与缓解盐分胁迫下水分亏缺的蛋白质（水通道蛋白和脱水蛋白）的转基因植物进行了评估。在涉及 Na '排斥'或 Na 液泡区隔的基因的 51 次转化中，包含生长的定量数据并且包含非盐胁迫对照的有 48 次显示转基因植物的耐盐性提高（对植物质量的影响较小），但只有 2 次在田间条件下进行了测试。在这 51 次转化中，有 26 次涉及作物物种。改变了组织离子浓度，但并不总是以相同的方式。尽管温室数据很有希望，但需要进行田间研究来评估作物的耐盐性。
