University of Nevada, Las Vegas, United States of America.
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, United States of America.
Hum Mov Sci. 2020 Oct;73:102663. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102663. Epub 2020 Jul 31.
Focusing attention on a movement effect that is farther away from the body (distal external focus) has been shown to result in more effective motor performance or learning than focusing on an effect that is in greater proximity to the body (proximal focus). The present study examined whether the distance of the external focus impacts the performance of relatively inexperienced and experienced performers differently. Low-skilled and high-skilled volleyball players passed a volleyball continuously to a target. In the proximal focus condition they were asked to concentrate on the "platform," whereas in the distal focus condition they were instructed to concentrate on the target. The high-skilled group's accuracy scores were higher in the distal relative to proximal focus condition. However, low-skilled players' accuracy scores was greater in the proximal relative to distal focus condition. We argue that the optimal distance of the external focus depends on the level of expertise when the skill requires a specific movement technique. An external focus on that technique seems to be more advantageous for low-skilled performers. In contrast, when the movement pattern has become more automatic (high-skilled performers), a focus on the overall movement effect is more beneficial.
将注意力集中在离身体较远的运动效果上（远端外部焦点），已被证明比将注意力集中在离身体较近的效果上（近端焦点）更能有效地提高运动表现或学习效果。本研究探讨了外部焦点的距离是否会对相对缺乏经验和经验丰富的运动员产生不同的影响。低技能和高技能的排球运动员将排球连续传给目标。在近端焦点条件下，他们被要求专注于“平台”，而在远端焦点条件下，他们被指示专注于目标。高技能组在远端焦点条件下的准确率高于近端焦点条件。然而，低技能运动员在近端焦点条件下的准确率高于远端焦点条件。我们认为，当技能需要特定的运动技术时，外部焦点的最佳距离取决于专业水平。对于低技能运动员来说，将注意力集中在该技术上似乎更有利。相比之下，当运动模式变得更加自动化（高技能运动员）时，关注整体运动效果更有益。
