Badau Adela
Department of Motor Performances, Faculty of Physical Educational and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania.
Faculty of Sciences and Letters, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania.
Brain Sci. 2024 Jun 21;14(7):623. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14070623.
Attention is an essential psychological component in sports games, which conditions sports success. The purpose of this study was to identify the attention style (internal or external) and the weight of attention qualities depending on the practiced team sport (basketball, volleyball, or handball) and gender (female or male), in athletes aged 15-18. A total of 177 active athletes (87 female (mean age ± standard deviation: 16.07 ± 0.94 years) and 90 male (mean age ± standard deviation: 15.96 ± 0.82 years)) were involved in the study, including 62 handball players (28 female and 34 male), 58 volleyball players (30 female and 28 male) and 57 basketball players (29 female and 28 male). In the study, two questionnaires were applied: one implemented to identify the attentive style with the two dimensions internal and external (standardized), called questionnaire for the assessment of attentional style in athletes (QASA), and one designed by us, called questionnaire to identify the weights of attention qualities according to the characteristics of the practiced sport (QAQCS), aiming to identify the most relevant quality of attention, depending on the practiced sport. Cronbach's alpha for both questionnaires was between 0.701 and 0.855. The results recorded in the present study reveal a variation in the attentional style between the groups of athletes and between genders. The results of the study highlight that in handball, girls have a predominantly external style with a total of 10.213 points; in boys' handball, the predominant focus of attention is internal with a total score of 9.087 points. Girls' volleyball focus of attention is predominantly external, with 8.999 points; in boys' volleyball, the attention style is internal, registering a score of 9.713 points. In girls' basketball, the predominant focus of attention is internal, with a total score of 8.516 points; in boys' basketball, the external attention style is predominant, with 9.213 points. Looking at the weight of attention qualities, it was found that the most relevant for girls is concentration and mobility for handball players, stability was identified in volleyball, and distributiveness in basketball. In boys' handball teams, mobility is the most essential, just like in basketball, and in volleyball it was found that stability has the biggest impact. ANOVA analysis highlighted statistically significant differences between groups of sports games by gender category, at both subscales of (QASA), as well as QAQCS, < 0.05. The results of our study highlight differences between the attentional styles and their qualities in relation to the gender and the specific sport played, which determines differentiated approaches to these psychological components.
注意力是体育比赛中一项至关重要的心理要素，它对体育赛事的成功起着决定性作用。本研究旨在确定15至18岁运动员的注意力风格（内部或外部），以及根据所从事的团队运动项目（篮球、排球或手球）和性别（女性或男性）划分的注意力品质权重。共有177名现役运动员参与了该研究，其中87名女性（平均年龄±标准差：16.07±0.94岁）和90名男性（平均年龄±标准差：15.96±0.82岁），包括62名手球运动员（28名女性和34名男性）、58名排球运动员（30名女性和28名男性）以及57名篮球运动员（29名女性和28名男性）。在研究中，应用了两份问卷：一份用于识别具有内部和外部两个维度的注意力风格（标准化），称为运动员注意力风格评估问卷（QASA）；另一份是我们设计的，称为根据所从事运动项目特点识别注意力品质权重问卷（QAQCS），旨在根据所从事的运动项目确定最相关的注意力品质。两份问卷的克朗巴哈系数均在0.701至0.855之间。本研究记录的结果显示，不同运动项目的运动员群体之间以及不同性别之间的注意力风格存在差异。研究结果表明，在女子手球项目中，女孩的注意力风格主要为外部型，总分为10.213分；在男子手球项目中，注意力的主要焦点是内部型，总分为9.087分。女子排球的注意力焦点主要是外部型，得分为8.999分；在男子排球项目中，注意力风格是内部型，得分为9.713分。在女子篮球项目中，注意力的主要焦点是内部型，总分为8.516分；在男子篮球项目中，外部注意力风格占主导，得分为9.213分。从注意力品质的权重来看，发现对于女子手球运动员来说，最相关的是专注力和灵活性；排球运动员中稳定性最为重要；篮球运动员中则是分配性。在男子手球团队中，灵活性最为关键，篮球项目也是如此；而在排球项目中，稳定性的影响最大。方差分析突出显示，在（QASA）的两个子量表以及QAQCS中，按性别分类的体育比赛组之间存在统计学上的显著差异，P<0.05。我们的研究结果凸显了在注意力风格及其品质方面，与性别和所从事的特定运动项目相关的差异，这决定了针对这些心理要素的不同方法。
