Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, PR China.
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Dec 1;746:141094. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141094. Epub 2020 Jul 25.
Activated carbon (AC) is an important material in various fields owing to its low cost, well-developed porosity, and favorable chemical stability. Key factors for the optimal synthesis of AC are the carbon precursors, activation pathways, activating agents, and design of the procedure parameters. So far, no case studies have reviewed the activating agents used during the chemical activation process. Accordingly, the present review provides a summary of recent research, highlighting the development of activating agents during the process of AC. Detailed lists of pore-forming mechanisms by various activating agents, including alkaline, acidic, neutral, and self-activating agents, have been systematically summarized. Furthermore, the effects of activating agents on the experimental procedures have also been established. Finally, a comprehensive discussion about the influences of activating agents on the physical and chemical properties of the resultant AC is included. The objective of this study is to reveal and distinguish the individual roles of different activating agents during AC synthesis.
活性炭（AC）由于其成本低、孔隙发达、化学稳定性好，在各个领域都是一种重要的材料。AC 最佳合成的关键因素是碳前体、活化途径、活化剂以及程序参数的设计。到目前为止，还没有案例研究综述过化学活化过程中使用的活化剂。因此，本综述提供了最近研究的总结，重点介绍了 AC 制备过程中活化剂的发展。详细列出了各种活化剂（包括碱性、酸性、中性和自活化剂）的造孔机制，系统地总结了不同活化剂对实验过程的影响。最后，还包括对活化剂对所得 AC 的物理和化学性质的影响的综合讨论。本研究的目的是揭示和区分 AC 合成过程中不同活化剂的作用。
