Choi Inrak, Zhao Yiwei, Gonzalez Eric J, Follmer Sean
IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2021 Dec;27(12):4387-4400. doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2020.3002245. Epub 2021 Oct 26.
In this article, we investigate the effects of active transient vibration and visuo-haptic illusion to augment the perceived softness of haptic proxy objects. We introduce a system combining active transient vibration at the fingertip with visuo-haptic illusions. In our hand-held device, a voice coil actuator transmits active transient vibrations to the index fingertip, while a force sensor measures the force applied on passive proxy objects to create visuo-haptic illusions in virtual reality. We conducted three user studies to understand both the vibrotactile effect and its combined effect with visuo-haptic illusions. A preliminary study confirmed that active transient vibrations can intuitively alter the perceived softness of a proxy object. Our first study demonstrated that those same active transient vibrations can generate different perceptions of softness depending on the material of the proxy object used. In our second study, we evaluated the combination of active transient vibration and visuo-haptic illusion, and found that both significantly influence perceived softness, with with the visuo-haptic effect being dominant. Our third study further investigated the vibrotactile effect while controlling for the visuo-haptic illusion. The combination of these two methods allows users to effectively perceive various levels of softness when interacting with haptic proxy objects.
在本文中，我们研究了主动瞬态振动和视觉触觉错觉对增强触觉代理对象感知柔软度的影响。我们介绍了一种将指尖的主动瞬态振动与视觉触觉错觉相结合的系统。在我们的手持设备中，一个音圈致动器将主动瞬态振动传递到食指指尖，而一个力传感器测量施加在被动代理对象上的力，以在虚拟现实中创建视觉触觉错觉。我们进行了三项用户研究，以了解振动触觉效果及其与视觉触觉错觉的组合效果。一项初步研究证实，主动瞬态振动可以直观地改变代理对象的感知柔软度。我们的第一项研究表明，根据所使用的代理对象的材料，那些相同的主动瞬态振动可以产生不同的柔软度感知。在我们的第二项研究中，我们评估了主动瞬态振动和视觉触觉错觉的组合，发现两者都对感知柔软度有显著影响，其中视觉触觉效果占主导。我们的第三项研究在控制视觉触觉错觉的同时进一步研究了振动触觉效果。这两种方法的结合使用户在与触觉代理对象交互时能够有效地感知各种程度的柔软度。
