Kearney Justin, Fitzgerald Rhian, Burnside Girvan, Higham Susan, Flannigan Norah, Halford Jason C G, Boyland Emma J
Department of Orthodontics, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, LiverpoolL3 5PS, UK.
School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZT, UK.
Br J Nutr. 2021 Mar 14;125(5):591-597. doi: 10.1017/S0007114520003116. Epub 2020 Aug 4.
Energy-dense food advertising affects children's eating behaviour. However, the impact of high-sugar food advertising specifically on the intake of sweet foods is underexplored. This study sought to determine whether children would increase their intake of sugar and total energy following high-sugar food advertising (relative to toy advertising) and whether dental health, weight status and socio-economic status (SES) would moderate any effect. In a crossover, randomised controlled trial, 101 UK children (forty male) aged 8-10 years were exposed to high-sugar food/beverage and toy advertisements embedded within a cartoon. Their subsequent intake of snack foods and beverages varying in sugar content was measured. A dental examination was performed, and height and weight measurements were taken. Home postcode provided by parents was used to assign participants to SES quintiles. Children consumed a significantly greater amount of energy (203·3 (95 % CI 56·5, 350·2) kJ (48·6 (95 % CI 13·5, 83·7) kcal); P = 0·007) and sugar (6·0 (95 % CI 1·3, 10·7) g; P = 0·012) following food advertisements compared with after toy advertisements. This was driven by increased intake of the items with most sugar (chocolate and jelly sweets). Children of healthy weight and with dental caries had the greatest intake response to food advertising exposure, but there were no differences by SES. Acute experimental food advertising exposure increases food intake in children. Specifically, high-sugar food and beverage advertising promotes the consumption of high-sugar food items. The debate around the negative health effects of food advertising on children should be widened to include dental health as well as overall dietary health and obesity.
能量密集型食品广告会影响儿童的饮食行为。然而，高糖食品广告对甜食摄入量的具体影响尚未得到充分研究。本研究旨在确定儿童在接触高糖食品广告后（相对于玩具广告）是否会增加糖和总能量的摄入量，以及牙齿健康、体重状况和社会经济地位（SES）是否会调节任何影响。在一项交叉随机对照试验中，101名8至10岁的英国儿童（40名男性）观看了嵌入在卡通片中的高糖食品/饮料和玩具广告。随后测量了他们对不同含糖量的零食和饮料的摄入量。进行了牙科检查，并测量了身高和体重。利用父母提供的家庭邮政编码将参与者分配到SES五分位数。与观看玩具广告后相比，儿童在观看食品广告后摄入的能量（203·3（95%CI 56·5，350·2）kJ（48·6（95%CI 13·5，83·7）kcal）；P = 0·007）和糖（6·0（95%CI 1·3，10·7）g；P = 0·012）显著更多。这是由于含糖量最高的食品（巧克力和果冻糖）摄入量增加所致。体重健康且有龋齿的儿童对食品广告曝光的摄入量反应最大，但SES方面没有差异。急性实验性食品广告曝光会增加儿童的食物摄入量。具体而言，高糖食品和饮料广告会促进高糖食品的消费。关于食品广告对儿童健康负面影响的辩论应扩大到包括牙齿健康以及整体饮食健康和肥胖问题。
