Department of Neurosciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania;
Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2020;61(1):25-32. doi: 10.47162/RJME.61.1.03.
Ties between schizophrenia (SCZ) and genetics are undeniably significant issue prone to be discussed in the nowadays psychology. Recent research on this domain focuses more on specific genes and heredity (specifically monozygotic pairs of twins) for diagnosing SCZ, than on environmental influences. SCZ is considered a multifactorial disease, thought to convert from a merger of risk and biological genes and environmental factors that could alter and reshape the trajectory of brain development. On this regard, this review sums up recent and innovative methods of distinguishing schizophrenic features from other mental illnesses in patients, based on chromosomal and genes changes. The term "reverse genetics" is no longer up to date, being replaced with "genome scanning" and "positional cloning". For many researchers, genome scanning is continuing the reverse of the sensible strategy for detecting various important biological disorders, which may start from the discovery of a protein or any other molecule involved in a biological process, being followed by its gene cloning. Genes being discovered in this manner could become candidate genes for the disease. However, genome scanning occurs through testing each chromosomal segment (or mitochondrial genome) for the counter transmission of the disease.
精神分裂症（SCZ）与遗传学之间的联系是一个不可否认的重要问题，在当今心理学中经常被讨论。该领域的最新研究更多地关注特定基因和遗传（特别是同卵双胞胎）来诊断 SCZ，而不是环境影响。SCZ 被认为是一种多因素疾病，据认为是由风险和生物基因以及环境因素的合并导致的，这些因素可能会改变和重塑大脑发育的轨迹。在这方面，本综述总结了基于染色体和基因变化，从其他精神疾病中区分精神分裂症特征的最新创新方法。“反向遗传学”一词已经不再适用，取而代之的是“基因组扫描”和“定位克隆”。对于许多研究人员来说，基因组扫描是对检测各种重要生物紊乱的明智策略的反向延续，该策略可能从发现参与生物过程的蛋白质或任何其他分子开始，随后对其基因进行克隆。以这种方式发现的基因可能成为疾病的候选基因。然而，基因组扫描是通过测试每个染色体片段（或线粒体基因组）来检测疾病的反向传递来进行的。
