U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, 934 Broadway Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402, United States of America.
U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Columbia River Research Laboratory, 5501A Cook-Underwood Road, Cook, WA 98605, United States of America.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2020 Sep;158:111287. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111287. Epub 2020 Jul 15.
Forage fish are primary prey for seabirds, fish and marine mammals. Contaminant transfer and biomagnification of the toxic compounds measured in this study likely contribute to elevated levels in Puget Sound, Washington, salmon and killer whale tissues that could be sufficiently high to elicit adverse effects and hamper population recovery efforts. Polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, chlorinated pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, and chlorinated paraffins were detected in all Pacific sand lance tissue samples generally below available health effect levels. Residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon tissue concentrations near a former creosote site suggest ongoing contaminant exposure. Biomagnification calculations suggest that concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in some forage fish could result in predator tissue concentrations exceeding effect levels. The emerging contaminants alkylphenols and chlorinated paraffins are first reported here in Puget Sound forage fish, and their frequent detection, high production volumes and endocrine-disrupting properties highlight the need for further study.
饲料鱼是海鸟、鱼类和海洋哺乳动物的主要猎物。本研究中测量的有毒化合物的污染物转移和生物放大作用可能导致华盛顿普吉特海湾鲑鱼和逆戟鲸组织中含量升高，这些化合物的含量可能高到足以产生不利影响，并阻碍种群恢复努力。多氯联苯、多溴联苯醚、氯化农药、多环芳烃、烷基酚和氯化石蜡在所有太平洋玉筋鱼组织样本中均有检出，一般低于现有健康影响水平。在以前的防腐油站点附近的多环芳烃组织浓度残留表明仍在接触污染物。生物放大计算表明，一些饲料鱼中的多氯联苯浓度可能导致捕食者组织浓度超过影响水平。新兴污染物烷基酚和氯化石蜡是首次在普吉特湾的饲料鱼中报告，它们的频繁检出、高产量和内分泌干扰特性突出表明需要进一步研究。
