唾液检测HIV抗体的评估及诊断效用：一项横断面研究。
Evaluation and diagnostic usefulness of saliva for detection of HIV antibodies: A cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Vohra Puneeta, Belkhode Vikram, Nimonkar Sharayu, Potdar Suraj, Bhanot Rishabh, Tiwari Rahul Vinay Chandra
机构信息
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, S.G.T. University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.
出版信息
J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 May 31;9(5):2437-2441. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_138_20. eCollection 2020 May.
BACKGROUND
Use of saliva as a specimen for detection of antibodies to infectious agents has generated particular interest in AIDS research community since 1980s. HIV specific antibodies of immunoglobulin isotypes IgA, IgG, and IgM are readily found in salivary secretions.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
In the present study, HIV specific antibodies were detected in saliva and serum samples of HIV patients by ELISA in confirmed HIV seropositive patients and efficacy of saliva was established in diagnosis of HIV.
METHODS
The 100 saliva and serum samples were collected from age and sex matched confirmed HIV seropositive subjects and 100 Healthy Controls without any infections. HIV antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using Genscreen HIV 1/2 Kit.
RESULTS
The results were found to be 99% sensitive and 100% specific for saliva samples, while it was 100% sensitive and specific for serum samples.
CONCLUSION
Saliva can be used as alternative to blood for detection of HIV antibodies as saliva collection is painless, non-invasive, inexpensive, simple, and rapid. Salivary antibody testing may provide better access to epidemic outbreaks, children, large populations, hard-to-reach risk groups and may thus play a major role in the surveillance and control of highly infectious diseases.
背景
自20世纪80年代以来，将唾液作为检测感染因子抗体的样本在艾滋病研究领域引起了特别关注。免疫球蛋白同种型IgA、IgG和IgM的HIV特异性抗体很容易在唾液分泌物中发现。
目的
在本研究中，通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）在确诊的HIV血清阳性患者的唾液和血清样本中检测HIV特异性抗体，并确定唾液在HIV诊断中的有效性。
方法
从年龄和性别匹配的确诊HIV血清阳性受试者以及100名无任何感染的健康对照中收集100份唾液和血清样本。使用Genscreen HIV 1/2试剂盒通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）测定HIV抗体。
结果
发现唾液样本的结果敏感性为99%，特异性为100%，而血清样本的敏感性和特异性均为100%。
结论
由于唾液采集无痛、无创、廉价、简单且快速，唾液可作为检测HIV抗体的血液替代物。唾液抗体检测可能为疫情爆发地区、儿童、大量人群、难以接触到的风险群体提供更好的检测途径，因此可能在高度传染性疾病的监测和控制中发挥重要作用。
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