Salinas Sara, Simonin Yannick
Pathogenèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), UMR 1058, université de Montpellier, Inserm, EFS, 60 rue de Navacelles, 34000 Montpellier, France.
Med Sci (Paris). 2020 Aug-Sep;36(8-9):775-782. doi: 10.1051/medsci/2020122. Epub 2020 Aug 5.
The recent emergence of a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, is a new warning of the risk to public health represented by viral zoonoses and in particular by coronaviruses. Mainly described as being able to infect the upper and lower respiratory tract, coronaviruses can also infect the central and peripheral nervous systems as many other respiratory viruses, such as influenza or respiratory syncytial virus. Viral infections of the nervous system are a major public health concern as they can cause devastating illnesses up to death, especially when they occur in the elderly, who are more susceptible to these infections. Knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of recently emerging coronaviruses (MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) and how they reach the central nervous system are very sketchy and the work in progress aims in particular to better understand their biology and the mechanisms associated with neurological damage. In this review we will discuss the current state of knowledge on the neurotropism of human coronaviruses and the associated mechanisms by developing in particular the latest data concerning SARS-CoV-2.
最近出现的一种新型冠状病毒——严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引发了新冠肺炎疫情，这再次警示了病毒性人畜共患病，尤其是冠状病毒对公共卫生构成的风险。冠状病毒主要被描述为能够感染上、下呼吸道，它也能像许多其他呼吸道病毒（如流感病毒或呼吸道合胞病毒）一样感染中枢神经系统和外周神经系统。神经系统的病毒感染是一个重大的公共卫生问题，因为它们可能导致毁灭性疾病甚至死亡，特别是在老年人中，他们更容易受到这些感染。关于最近出现的冠状病毒（中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2）的病理生理学以及它们如何到达中枢神经系统的知识非常有限，目前正在进行的研究尤其旨在更好地了解它们的生物学特性以及与神经损伤相关的机制。在这篇综述中，我们将通过详细阐述关于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2的最新数据，来讨论目前关于人类冠状病毒嗜神经性及其相关机制的知识现状。
