Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2-224 - Guamá, Belém, PA, 66077-830, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2-224 - Guamá, Belém, PA, 66077-830, Brazil.
Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2-224 - Guamá, Belém, PA, 66077-830, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Perimetral, 2651 - Terra Firme, Belém, PA, 66077-530, Brazil.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Nov;266(Pt 1):115241. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115241. Epub 2020 Jul 19.
Pollution by plastics is a global problem, in particular through the contamination of aquatic environments and biodiversity. Although plastic contamination is well documented in the aquatic fauna of the oceans and large rivers of the world, there are few data on the organisms of headwater streams, especially in tropical regions. In the present study, we evaluated the contamination of small fish by plastics in Amazonian streams. For this, we evaluated the shape and size, and the abundance of plastics in the gastrointestinal tracts and gills of 14 fish species from 12 streams in eastern Brazilian Amazon. We used a Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) to compare the levels of contamination among species and between organs. Only one individual of the 68 evaluated (a small catfish Mastiglanis cf. asopos) contained no plastic particles, and no difference was found in the contamination of the gills and digestive tract. However, Hemigrammus unilineatus presented less contamination of both the gills and the digestive tract than the other species, while Polycentrus schomburgkii had less plastic in the gastrointestinal tract, whereas Crenicichla regani and Pimelodella gerii both had a larger quantity of plastic adhered to their gills in comparison with the other species. Nanoplastics and microplastics adhered most to the gills, while plastic fibers were the most common type of material overall. This is the first study to analyze plastic contamination in fish from Amazonian streams, and in addition to revealing high levels of contamination, some species were shown to possibly be more susceptible than others. This reinforces the need for further, more systematic research into the biological and behavioral factors that may contribute to the greater vulnerability of some fish species to contamination by plastics. Amazonian stream fish show contamination by plastics. The species respond differently. The smaller the particle, the easier it is to adhere to the gills.
塑料污染是一个全球性问题，尤其是通过污染水生环境和生物多样性。尽管塑料污染在世界海洋和大型河流的水生动物群中已经有很好的记录，但关于溪流生物的资料很少，特别是在热带地区。在本研究中，我们评估了亚马逊溪流中小鱼的塑料污染情况。为此，我们评估了 12 条溪流中的 14 种鱼类的胃肠道和鳃中的塑料形状、大小和丰度。我们使用广义线性混合模型（GLMM）来比较物种间和器官间的污染水平。在评估的 68 个个体中，只有一个个体（一种小型鲶鱼 Mastiglanis cf. asopos）没有塑料颗粒，鳃和消化道的污染没有差异。然而，Hemigrammus unilineatus 的鳃和消化道污染都比其他物种少，而 Polycentrus schomburgkii 的胃肠道中的塑料则较少，而 Crenicichla regani 和 Pimelodella gerii 的鳃上附着的塑料量都比其他物种多。纳米塑料和微塑料最容易附着在鳃上，而塑料纤维则是最常见的材料类型。这是首次分析亚马逊溪流鱼类的塑料污染，除了揭示高水平的污染外，还表明一些物种可能比其他物种更容易受到污染。这进一步证明需要对可能导致一些鱼类对塑料污染更敏感的生物和行为因素进行更多、更系统的研究。亚马逊溪流鱼类受到塑料污染。物种的反应不同。颗粒越小，越容易附着在鳃上。
