Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Acta Trop. 2020 Dec;212:105649. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105649. Epub 2020 Aug 3.
Leishmaniasis is an important infectious disease in Iran. Rudbar County of Guilan Province is introduced as a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The present study is going to investigate the sand flies fauna in the province and their seasonality and ecology in Rudbar County. To study the sand flies fauna, the sampling was carried out in ten localities of Guilan Province using light traps, sticky traps and manual aspirators during 2016. For the determination of seasonality, the sampling was carried out every two weeks in the fixed site of Pareh Village of Rudbar County during April-October 2016. Sand Flies were removed from sticky traps, rinsed in acetone and then conserved in 80% ethanol as well as the samples of light traps and hand catch. In total, 4430 specimens of sand flies of the genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia were collected and identified including Ph. kandelakii, Ph. neglectus, Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. sergenti, Ph. tobbi and Se. dentata. Sergentomyia dentata was found for the first time in Guilan Province. The most prevalent species were Ph. tobbi (55.87%), Ph. perfiliewi (36.03%) and Ph. kandelakii (6. 97%). The seasonality of sand flies started in late May and ended in middle October in the fixed site. The peak of activity of Ph. kandelakii was in late June; however that was in late August for Ph. perfiliewi and Ph. tobbi. The monthly abundance of total sand flies was positively correlated with saturation deficit (P = 0.043). The abundance of Ph. perfiliewi was positively correlated with maximum temperature (P = 0.016), relative humidity (P = 0.006), rainfall (P = 0.007), saturation deficit (P = 0.003) and negatively with minimum temperature (P = 0.005). The abundance of Ph. tobbi was positively correlated with saturation deficit (P = 0.041) and negatively with minimum temperature (P = 0.043). The presence of suspected vectors of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, Ph. kandelakii, Ph. neglectus, Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. sergenti and Ph. tobbi, is noteworthy. Finding the exact vectors of leishmaniasis using specific tests in the province is suggested.
利什曼病是伊朗的一种重要传染病。介绍拉什特县为皮肤利什曼病的新发病区。本研究旨在调查该省的沙蝇区系及其在拉什特县的季节性和生态学。为了研究沙蝇区系，于 2016 年利用灯光诱捕器、粘蝇纸和手动抽吸器在 10 个地区采集样本。为了确定季节性，2016 年 4 月至 10 月，在拉什特县帕雷村的固定地点每两周进行一次采样。从粘蝇纸上取下沙蝇，在丙酮中冲洗，然后保存在 80%乙醇中以及灯光诱捕器和手动捕获的样本中。共采集并鉴定了 4430 只属 Phlebotomus 和 Sergentomyia 的沙蝇，包括 Ph. kandelakii、Ph. neglectus、Ph. perfiliewi、Ph. sergenti、Ph. tobbi 和 Se. dentata。首次在吉兰省发现 Se. dentata。最常见的物种是 Ph. tobbi（55.87%）、Ph. perfiliewi（36.03%）和 Ph. kandelakii（6.97%）。沙蝇的季节性始于 5 月下旬，在固定地点于 10 月中旬结束。Ph. kandelakii 的活动高峰期在 6 月下旬；然而，Ph. perfiliewi 和 Ph. tobbi 的高峰期在 8 月下旬。总沙蝇的月平均丰度与饱和度亏缺呈正相关（P=0.043）。Ph. perfiliewi 的丰度与最高温度（P=0.016）、相对湿度（P=0.006）、降雨量（P=0.007）、饱和度亏缺（P=0.003）呈正相关，与最低温度（P=0.005）呈负相关。Ph. tobbi 的丰度与饱和度亏缺呈正相关（P=0.041），与最低温度呈负相关（P=0.043）。存在疑似皮肤和内脏利什曼病的媒介，Ph. kandelakii、Ph. neglectus、Ph. perfiliewi、Ph. sergenti 和 Ph. tobbi，值得注意。建议在该省使用特定试验寻找确切的利什曼病媒介。
