Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Plant Cell Physiol. 2020 Dec 23;61(11):1902-1911. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa104.
Gibberellins (GAs) are a class of tetracyclic diterpenoid phytohormones that regulate many aspects of plant development, including seed germination, stem elongation, leaf expansion, pollen maturation, and the development of flowers, fruits and seeds. During the past decades, the primary objective of crop breeding programs has been to increase productivity or yields. 'Green Revolution' genes that can produce semidwarf, high-yielding crops were identified as GA synthesis or response genes, confirming the value of research on GAs in improving crop productivity. The manipulation of GA status either by genetic alteration or by exogenous application of GA or GA biosynthesis inhibitors is often used to optimize plant growth and yields. In this review, we summarize the roles of GAs in major aspects of crop growth and development and present the possible targets for the fine-tuning of GA metabolism and signaling as a promising strategy for crop improvement.
赤霉素（GAs）是一类四环二萜植物激素，调节植物发育的许多方面，包括种子萌发、茎伸长、叶片扩张、花粉成熟以及花、果实和种子的发育。在过去的几十年中，作物育种计划的主要目标是提高生产力或产量。可以产生半矮化、高产作物的“绿色革命”基因被鉴定为 GA 合成或响应基因，这证实了研究 GAs 提高作物生产力的价值。通过遗传改变或外源施用 GA 或 GA 生物合成抑制剂来操纵 GA 状态，通常用于优化植物生长和产量。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 GAs 在作物生长和发育主要方面的作用，并提出了精细调控 GA 代谢和信号转导的可能靶点，这是作物改良的一种有前途的策略。
