Guo Shuang-Qin, Chen Ya-Xin, Ju Ya-Lin, Pan Chen-Yang, Shan Jun-Xiang, Ye Wang-Wei, Dong Nai-Qian, Kan Yi, Yang Yi-Bing, Zhao Huai-Yu, Yu Hong-Xiao, Lu Zi-Qi, Lei Jie-Jie, Liao Ben, Mu Xiao-Rui, Cao Ying-Jie, Guo Liangxing, Gao Jin, Zhou Ji-Fu, Yang Kai-Yang, Lin Hong-Xuan, Lin Youshun
National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Nature. 2025 Mar;639(8053):162-171. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-08486-7. Epub 2025 Jan 29.
Soil alkalinization and global warming are predicted to pose major challenges to agriculture in the future, as they continue to accelerate, markedly reducing global arable land and crop yields. Therefore, strategies for future agriculture are needed to further improve globally cultivated, relatively high-yielding Green Revolution varieties (GRVs) derived from the SEMIDWARF 1 (SD1) gene. Here we propose that precise regulation of the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) to optimal levels is the key to not only confer alkali-thermal tolerance to GRVs, but also to further enhance their yield. Endogenous modulation of ALKALI-THERMAL TOLERANCE 1/2 (ATT1/2), quantitative trait loci encoding GA20-oxidases or exogenous application of GA minimized rice yield loss affected by sodic soils. Mechanistically, high GA concentrations induce reactive oxygen species over-accumulation, whereas low GA concentrations repress the expression of stress-tolerance genes by means of DELLA-NGR5-mediated H3K27me3 methylation. We further showed that ATT1 induces large fluctuations in GA levels, whereas ATT2 is the ideal candidate for fine-tuning GA concentrations to appropriate levels to balance reactive oxygen species and H3K27me3 methylation to improve alkali-thermal tolerance and yield. Thus, ATT2 is expected to be a potential new post-Green Revolution gene that could be harnessed to develop and use marginal lands for sustainable agriculture in the future.
预计土壤碱化和全球变暖将在未来对农业构成重大挑战，因为它们仍在加速，显著减少全球耕地和作物产量。因此，需要制定未来农业战略，以进一步改良源自半矮秆1（SD1）基因的全球种植的、相对高产的绿色革命品种（GRV）。我们在此提出，将植物激素赤霉素（GA）精确调控至最佳水平，不仅是赋予GRV碱热耐受性的关键，也是进一步提高其产量的关键。对编码GA20-氧化酶的碱热耐受性1/2（ATT1/2）数量性状位点进行内源调控，或外源施用GA，可将受盐碱土影响的水稻产量损失降至最低。从机制上讲，高GA浓度会诱导活性氧过度积累，而低GA浓度则通过DELLA-NGR5介导的H3K27me3甲基化抑制抗逆基因的表达。我们进一步表明，ATT1会引起GA水平的大幅波动，而ATT2是将GA浓度微调至适当水平以平衡活性氧和H3K27me3甲基化从而提高碱热耐受性和产量的理想候选基因。因此，ATT2有望成为一个潜在的新绿色革命后基因，可用于未来开发和利用边际土地实现可持续农业。
