Ciccarelli Stefano, Valastro Carmela, Di Bello Antonio, Paci Serena, Caprio Francesco, Corrente Maria Laura, Trotta Adriana, Franchini Delia
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 370010 Valenzano, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2020 Aug 5;10(8):1355. doi: 10.3390/ani10081355.
The aim of this study was to describe the clinical signs, radiographic, endoscopic and CT findings, cytological and microbiological findings and treatments of pulmonary diseases in sea turtles, in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis that avoids unnecessary therapy and antibiotic-resistance phenomena. In total, 14 loggerheads (), with clinical and/or radiographic findings of pulmonary pathology, were assessed through various combinations of clinical, radiological, CT, endoscopic examination and bronchoalveolar lavage, which recovered fluid for cytologic and microbiologic analysis. In all cases, radiographic examination led to a diagnosis of pulmonary disorders-4 unilateral and 10 bilateral. All bacteria cultured were identified as Gram-negative. Antibiotic resistance was greater than 70% for all beta-lactams tested. In addition, all bacterial strains were 100% resistant to colistin sulfate and tetracycline. Specific antibiotic therapies were formulated for seven sea turtles using Enrofloxacin, and for four sea turtles using ceftazidime. In two turtles, antibiotic therapy was not included due to the presence of antibiotic resistance against all the antibiotics evaluated. In both cases, the coupage technique and environmental management allowed the resolution of the lung disease without antibiotics. All 14 sea turtles were released back into the sea. Radiographic examination must be considered the gold standard for screening sea turtles that show respiratory signs or abnormal buoyancy. Susceptibility testing with antimicrobials allowed appropriate therapy, including the reduction of antibiotic-resistance.
本研究的目的是描述海龟肺部疾病的临床体征、影像学、内镜及CT表现、细胞学和微生物学检查结果以及治疗方法，以便获得准确诊断，避免不必要的治疗和抗生素耐药现象。总共对14只蠵龟（）进行了评估，这些海龟有肺部病变的临床和/或影像学表现，通过临床、放射学、CT、内镜检查和支气管肺泡灌洗的各种组合进行评估，支气管肺泡灌洗回收的液体用于细胞学和微生物学分析。在所有病例中，影像学检查诊断为肺部疾病——4例单侧病变，10例双侧病变。所有培养出的细菌均被鉴定为革兰氏阴性菌。所有测试的β-内酰胺类抗生素的耐药率均大于70%。此外，所有菌株对硫酸黏菌素和四环素均100%耐药。对7只海龟使用恩诺沙星制定了特定的抗生素治疗方案，对4只海龟使用头孢他啶。在2只海龟中，由于对所有评估的抗生素均存在耐药性，未进行抗生素治疗。在这两种情况下，叩击技术和环境管理使肺部疾病在未使用抗生素的情况下得到缓解。所有14只海龟均被放归大海。影像学检查必须被视为筛查出现呼吸体征或异常浮力的海龟的金标准。抗菌药物敏感性测试有助于进行适当治疗，包括降低抗生素耐药性。
