Mayorga Luis Felipe S P, Vanstreels Ralph E T, Bhering Renata C C, Mamede Natália, Costa Luiz M B, Pinheiro Flavia C F, Reis Luciano W D, Trazzi Alessandro, Meirelles Wilson Luiz Chevitarese, Ribeiro Alan Marques, Siciliano Salvatore
Instituto de Pesquisa e Reabilitação de Animais Marinhos, Avenida Mário Gurgel S/N, Cariacica, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Instituto Aqualie, Avenida Doutor Paulo Japiassú Coelho 714, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Zookeys. 2020 Jul 13;948:129-152. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.948.50468. eCollection 2020.
Espírito Santo state is located on the eastern margin of Brazil, in a transitional tropical-subtropical area (18°S-21°S) dominated by oligotrophic waters. With the exception of humpback whales (), the cetacean community of Espírito Santo has been understudied. In addition to the chronic impacts from fisheries, marine pollution, urban development, and coastal habitat degradation, in November 2015 the cetacean communities of Espírito Santo were challenged by the greatest environmental disaster in Brazil's history. The Mariana dam disaster caused 60 million cubic meters of mining waste to be washed into the Doce River, which ultimately flowed to the coastal waters of Espírito Santo, with a high concentration of heavy metals. This study reviews and updates information on cetacean strandings in the state of Espírito Santo (excluding humpback whales) prior to this disaster. From 1975 to September 2015, there were 461 recorded cetacean strandings, representing 20 species. An average 1.18 strandings per 100 km per month were recorded since a state-wide daily beach survey program was implemented in October 2010, contrasting with the 0.14 strandings per 100 km per month in previous years. Six species comprised the majority (94.7%) of stranding events: Guiana dolphin (), Franciscana (), rough-toothed dolphin (), bottlenose dolphin (), sperm whale (), and melon-headed whale (). Oceanic cetaceans stranded most frequently on the southern portion of Espírito Santo, where the continental platform is narrower, whereas the strandings of coastal cetaceans such as Guiana dolphins and Franciscanas were concentrated near estuaries, especially the Doce River. This is particularly concerning in face of the Mariana dam disaster, which drastically altered the estuarine and coastal environment associated with the Doce River.
圣埃斯皮里图州位于巴西东部边缘，处于热带 - 亚热带过渡区域（南纬18° - 21°），以贫营养水域为主。除座头鲸外，圣埃斯皮里图州的鲸类群落一直未得到充分研究。除了渔业、海洋污染、城市发展和沿海栖息地退化带来的长期影响外，2015年11月，圣埃斯皮里图州的鲸类群落还受到了巴西历史上最严重的环境灾难的挑战。马里亚纳大坝灾难导致6000万立方米的采矿废料被冲入多西河，最终流入圣埃斯皮里图州的沿海水域，其中重金属含量很高。本研究回顾并更新了此次灾难之前圣埃斯皮里图州（不包括座头鲸）鲸类搁浅的信息。1975年至2015年9月，有记录的鲸类搁浅事件共461起，涉及20个物种。自2010年10月实施全州每日海滩调查计划以来，每月每100公里平均记录到1.18起搁浅事件，而前几年每月每100公里的搁浅事件为0.14起。六种鲸类占搁浅事件的大多数（94.7%）：圭亚那海豚、弗氏海豚、糙齿海豚、宽吻海豚、抹香鲸和瓜头鲸。海洋鲸类最常搁浅在圣埃斯皮里图州南部，那里的大陆架较窄，而圭亚那海豚和弗氏海豚等沿海鲸类的搁浅则集中在河口附近，尤其是多西河河口。鉴于马里亚纳大坝灾难极大地改变了与多西河相关的河口和沿海环境，这一点尤其令人担忧。
