Cunha Haydée A, Medeiros Bruna V, Barbosa Lupércio A, Cremer Marta J, Marigo Juliana, Lailson-Brito José, Azevedo Alexandre F, Solé-Cava Antonio M
Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laboratório de Biodiversidade Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2014 Jan 31;9(1):e85633. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085633. eCollection 2014.
Franciscanas are the most endangered dolphins in the Southwestern Atlantic. Due to their coastal and estuarine habits, franciscanas suffer from extensive fisheries bycatch, as well as from habitat loss and degradation. Four Franciscana Management Areas (FMA), proposed based on biology, demography, morphology and genetic data, were incorporated into management planning and in the delineation of research efforts. We re-evaluated that proposal through the analysis of control region sequences from franciscanas throughout their distribution range (N = 162), including novel sequences from the northern limit of the species and two other previously unsampled localities in Brazil. A deep evolutionary break was observed between franciscanas from the northern and southern portions of the species distribution, indicating that they must be managed as two Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU). Furthermore, additional FMAs should be recognised to accommodate the genetic differentiation found in each ESU. These results have immediate consequences for the conservation and management of this endangered species.
弗氏海豚是西南大西洋最濒危的海豚。由于它们的沿海和河口习性，弗氏海豚遭受广泛的渔业兼捕，以及栖息地丧失和退化。基于生物学、种群统计学、形态学和遗传数据提出的四个弗氏海豚管理区（FMA）被纳入管理规划和研究工作的划定中。我们通过分析整个分布范围内弗氏海豚的控制区序列（N = 162）重新评估了该提议，包括来自该物种北部界限以及巴西其他两个此前未采样地点的新序列。在该物种分布的北部和南部的弗氏海豚之间观察到一个深度进化断点，表明它们必须作为两个进化显著单元（ESU）进行管理。此外，应识别出更多的弗氏海豚管理区，以适应在每个进化显著单元中发现的遗传分化。这些结果对这种濒危物种的保护和管理具有直接影响。
