Peruga Armando, Molina Xaviera, Delgado Iris, Matute Isabel, Olea Andrea, Hirmas Macarena, González Claudia, Urrejola Oscar, Aguilera Ximena
Centro de Epidemiología y Políticas de Salud, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
Tob Induc Dis. 2020 Jul 22;18:61. doi: 10.18332/tid/125075. eCollection 2020.
The aim of the study is to assess the national level of compliance with the Chilean smoke-free legislation in the urban public transportation system.
In this cross-sectional observational study, we studied a national representative sample of 475 vehicles obtained through a two-stage cluster sampling design in 2018. First, 57 municipalities were randomly selected, proportionally to the total number of public transportation vehicles. Second, within each municipality, a convenience sample of up to 4 taxis, 4 buses, and 2 metro coaches was observed. We determined the non-compliance level by systematic direct observation of smoking inside the cabin of the vehicle. We estimated the percentage of the visited vehicles where smoking was observed inside the cabin of the vehicle.
The observation of metros, buses and taxis was completed in 24, 52, and 48, of the 57 sampled municipalities, respectively. Smoking was observed inside of about 2% of buses and 7% of taxis. Smoking was not observed in metro carriages. Overall, smoking was observed in almost 3% of the vehicles studied. A 3% noncompliance could expose a significant number of persons in public transportation to secondhand smoke, given that every 100 inhabitants results in about 84 rides a day of almost one hour duration. There are few comparable studies to put in an international context our results. In 2018, the year in which we collected the data, WHO considered that compliance with the law in public transportation was maximum. Our compliance estimate was lower, however WHO used a different methodology and its scope also included the inter-urban mobility, which we did not.
The study highlights the need to improve the enforcement of the smoke-free law in the transportation system in Chile, which presently is almost non-existent.
本研究旨在评估智利城市公共交通系统中遵守无烟立法的全国水平。
在这项横断面观察性研究中，我们于2018年通过两阶段整群抽样设计研究了475辆具有全国代表性的车辆样本。首先，根据公共交通车辆总数按比例随机选择57个城市。其次，在每个城市内，观察最多4辆出租车、4辆公交车和2辆地铁车厢的便利样本。我们通过系统地直接观察车内吸烟情况来确定违规水平。我们估计了在车内观察到吸烟的受访车辆的百分比。
在57个抽样城市中，分别对24个城市的地铁、52个城市的公交车和48个城市的出租车完成了观察。在约2%的公交车和7%的出租车内观察到有人吸烟。在地铁车厢内未观察到吸烟情况。总体而言，在所研究的车辆中，近3%观察到有吸烟现象。鉴于每100名居民每天约有84次时长近一小时的乘车出行，3%的违规率可能会使大量公共交通中的人接触到二手烟。几乎没有可与之比较的研究来将我们的结果置于国际背景下。在我们收集数据的2018年，世界卫生组织认为公共交通领域的法律遵守情况达到了最佳水平。然而，我们估计的遵守率较低，因为世界卫生组织使用了不同的方法，其范围还包括城市间交通，而我们没有涉及。
该研究凸显了加强智利交通系统无烟法律执行力度的必要性，目前这方面几乎不存在。
