Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
BMC Public Health. 2013 Feb 14;13:134. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-134.
Research evaluating enforcement and compliance with smoking partial bans is rather scarce, especially in countries with relative weak tobacco control policies, such as Portugal. There is also scarce evidence on specific high risk groups such as vehicle workers. In January 2008, Portugal implemented a partial ban, followed by poor enforcement. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a partial smoking ban in a pro-smoking environment, specifically transportation by taxi in the city of Lisbon. Ban effectiveness was generally defined by ban awareness and support, compliance and enforcement.
Exploratory cross-sectional study; purposive sampling in selected Lisbon streets. Structured interviews were conducted by trained researchers while using taxi services (January 2009-December 2010).
250 taxi drivers (98.8% participation rate). Chi-square, McNemar, Man Whitney tests and multiple logistic regression were performed.
Of the participants, 249 were male; median age was 53.0 years; 43.6% were current smokers. Most participants (82.8%) approved comprehensive bans; 84.8% reported that clients still asked to smoke in their taxis; 16.8% allowed clients to smoke. Prior to the ban this value was 76.9% (p < 0.001). The major reason for not allowing smoking was the legal ban and associated fines (71.2%). Of the smokers, 66.1% admitted smoking in their taxi. Stale smoke smells were detected in 37.6% of the cars. None of the taxi drivers did ever receive a fine for non-compliance. Heavy smoking, night-shift and allowing smoking prior the ban predicted non-compliance.
Despite the strong ban support observed, high smoking prevalence and poor enforcement contribute to low compliance. The findings also suggest low compliance among night-shift and vehicle workers. This study clearly demonstrates that a partial and poorly-enforced ban is vulnerable to breaches, and highlights the need for clear and strong policies.
评估禁烟令执行和遵守情况的研究相对较少，尤其是在葡萄牙等烟草控制政策相对较弱的国家。关于特定高风险群体（如车辆工人）的证据也很少。2008 年 1 月，葡萄牙实施了部分禁烟令，但执行不力。本研究旨在探索在吸烟环境中实施部分禁烟令的效果，特别是在里斯本的出租车运输中。禁烟令的效果通常通过禁烟意识和支持、遵守和执行来定义。
探索性横断面研究；在选定的里斯本街道进行有针对性的抽样。2009 年 1 月至 2010 年 12 月，培训研究人员在使用出租车服务时进行了结构访谈。
250 名出租车司机（参与率 98.8%）。进行了卡方检验、McNemar 检验、曼惠特尼检验和多因素逻辑回归分析。
参与者中 249 名为男性；中位年龄为 53.0 岁；43.6%为当前吸烟者。大多数参与者（82.8%）赞成全面禁烟令；84.8%报告称，乘客仍要求在他们的出租车内吸烟；16.8%允许乘客吸烟。在禁令实施之前，这一比例为 76.9%（p<0.001）。不允许吸烟的主要原因是法律禁令和相关罚款（71.2%）。在吸烟者中，66.1%承认在出租车内吸烟。37.6%的车内检测到陈旧烟味。没有出租车司机因不遵守规定而收到罚款。重度吸烟、夜班和禁令实施前允许吸烟预测不遵守规定。
尽管观察到强烈的禁烟支持，但高吸烟率和执行不力导致低遵守率。研究结果还表明，夜班和车辆工人的遵守率较低。本研究清楚地表明，部分和执行不力的禁烟令容易受到违反，强调需要明确和强有力的政策。
