Kang Minji, Shim Jae Eun
Center for Gendered Innovations in Science and Technology Researches (GISTeR), Korea Federation of Women's Science & Technology Associations, Seoul 06130, Korea.
Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA.
Nutr Res Pract. 2020 Aug;14(4):374-383. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2020.14.4.374. Epub 2020 Apr 20.
BACKGROUNDS/OBJECTIVES: To describe the data-based development of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for dietary evaluation of Korean preschool children.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Development of the FFQ was based on the data from 2,766 preschool children aged 1-5 years, who had completed 24-hour dietary recalls in the 2009-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We selected the food list based on the results of nutritional contribution and between-person variability for energy and 13 nutrients. We selected 88 foods with over 80% of total contribution to each nutrient and with over 80% of accumulated for each nutrient. A dish containing any of the 88 foods in the recipe was listed, and a total of 903 dishes were extracted. Among the 903 dishes, we selected 438 dishes contributing more than 1% of total consumption.
FFQ included 116 dish items combined from 438 dishes based on nutrient profile and recipe. Quantities of dietary intake were assessed by nine categories of frequency and portion size option. In addition, when comparing the food portions of children with the reference portion size, subjects would be asked to select one of three response categories (less, similar, and more) and then to record the amount as a percentage for the reference portion. Percentages of coverage for energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate were 89.2%, 88.4%, 88.2%, and 89.4%, respectively.
The dietary intake of Korean preschool children can be assessed by this new data-based FFQ. In addition, the new instrument can be used to identify nutritional needs of target groups for planning nutrition education and strategies to improve diet. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the performance of the instrument.
背景/目的：描述基于数据开发的用于评估韩国学龄前儿童饮食的食物频率问卷（FFQ）。
对象/方法：FFQ的开发基于2009 - 2013年韩国全国健康与营养检查调查中2766名1 - 5岁学龄前儿童完成的24小时饮食回顾数据。我们根据能量和13种营养素的营养贡献结果以及个体间差异来选择食物清单。我们选择了对每种营养素总贡献超过80%且每种营养素累积贡献超过80%的88种食物。列出了食谱中包含这88种食物中任何一种的菜肴，共提取出903道菜肴。在这903道菜肴中，我们选择了对总消费量贡献超过1%的438道菜肴。
FFQ包括基于营养成分和食谱从438道菜肴中组合而成的116道菜单项。饮食摄入量通过九类频率和份量选项进行评估。此外，在将儿童的食物份量与参考份量进行比较时，受试者需从三个回答类别（少、相似、多）中选择一个，然后将数量记录为参考份量的百分比。能量、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的覆盖百分比分别为89.2%、88.4%、88.2%和89.4%。
这种新的基于数据的FFQ可用于评估韩国学龄前儿童的饮食摄入量。此外，该新工具可用于确定目标群体的营养需求，以规划营养教育和改善饮食的策略。有必要进一步研究以评估该工具的性能。
