Kang Minji, Shim Jae Eun, Kwon Kyungmin, Song SuJin
Center for Gendered Innovations in Science and Technology Research (GISTeR), Korea Federation of Women's Science & Technology Associations, Seoul, 06130, Korea.
Department of Food and Nutrition, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 34520, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2019 Aug;13(4):323-332. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.4.323. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze specific foods influencing absolute nutrient intake and between-person variations of nutrient intake among Korean preschoolers.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 2,766 participants aged 1-5 years in the 2009-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Dietary data were obtained from a 24-h dietary recall method. Major food sources of absolute nutrient intake were evaluated based on percent contribution of each food. To assess the contribution of specific foods to between-person variations in nutrient intake, stepwise multiple regressions were performed and cumulative R was used.
White rice and milk were main food sources of energy, protein, carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron, potassium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin. The percentage of fat contributed by milk was 21.3% which was the highest, followed by pork, soybean oil, and egg. White rice accounted for 25% and 40% of total variability in total energy and carbohydrate intakes, respectively. About 39% of variation in calcium intake was explained by milk while 40% of variation in phosphorous intake was explained by cheese. The top 10 foods contributing to between-person variations in nutrient intakes were similar with food items that mainly contributed to absolute nutrient intakes. The number of foods explaining 90% of absolute amounts of nutrient intakes varied from 28 for vitamin A to 80 for iron.
This study identified specific foods that contributed to absolute nutrient intakes and between-person variations in nutrient intakes among Korean preschoolers. Our findings can be used to develop dietary assessment tools and establish food-based dietary guidelines for young children.
背景/目的：本研究旨在分析影响韩国学龄前儿童绝对营养素摄入量及营养素摄入量个体差异的特定食物。
对象/方法：本研究纳入了2009 - 2013年韩国国家健康与营养检查调查中2766名1 - 5岁的参与者。膳食数据通过24小时膳食回顾法获得。基于每种食物的贡献百分比评估绝对营养素摄入量的主要食物来源。为评估特定食物对营养素摄入量个体差异的贡献，进行了逐步多元回归分析并使用了累积R值。
白米和牛奶是能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物、磷、铁、钾、硫胺素、核黄素和烟酸的主要食物来源。牛奶贡献的脂肪百分比为21.3%，是最高的，其次是猪肉、大豆油和鸡蛋。白米分别占总能量和碳水化合物摄入量总变异性的25%和40%。牛奶解释了约39%的钙摄入量变异，而奶酪解释了40%的磷摄入量变异。对营养素摄入量个体差异贡献最大的前10种食物与主要贡献绝对营养素摄入量的食物相似。解释90%营养素摄入量绝对量的食物数量从维生素A的28种到铁的80种不等。
本研究确定了对韩国学龄前儿童绝对营养素摄入量及营养素摄入量个体差异有贡献的特定食物。我们的研究结果可用于开发膳食评估工具并制定幼儿的食物本位膳食指南。
