Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with perennial allergic rhinitis but not disease severity.

BACKGROUND

Vitamin D deficiency plays an essential role in allergic rhinitis(AR), but the role of vitamin D deficiency in perennial allergic rhinitis (pAR) remains unclear. Therefore, our study explored 25(OH)D levels in patients with pAR and healthy individuals in a single center in China for three years.

METHODS

A total of 655 patients with pAR and 682 healthy controls were enrolled in this study from 2015 to 2017. Patients' clinical history and symptoms were recorded. sIgE tests were performed using the allergen detection system (UniCAP), and the ADVIA centaur XP system (SIEMENS) was used to measure serum 25(OH)D levels.

RESULTS

Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly different between the pAR group and control group over the three-year study period(all P < .05). Specifically, 25(OH)D levels were decreased in the pAR groups over three years. Serum25(OH)D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency were noted in 66.9% 71.9%, 22.5% ~29.4%, and 2.5%5.6%, respectively, of patients in the pAR group and 53.2%60.7%, 31.4%36.6%, and 7.9% ~11.4%, respectively, of participants in the control group. We did not identify significant associations between serum 25(OH)D levels and clinical characteristics of patients with pAR over the three-year period (all P > .05) after adjusting for sex, age, duration of disease, total nasal symptom score (TNSS), sIgE levels, number of positive allergens, and family history.

CONCLUSION

pAR patients exhibited lower serum 25(OH)D levels compared with healthy people with a high prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency or insufficiency. We did not identify a significant correlation between 25(OH)D and pAR associated factors.