From the Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (Dr. Goldstein, Dr. Klosterman, Dr. Grogan, Dr. Williams, Dr. Guiao, Dr. Spiker), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, and the Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (Mr. Hetzel), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2020 Aug;4(8):e20.00097-11. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-20-00097.
In orthopaedic surgery, limited research is available addressing how attire, including white coats (WC) and feminine attire such as skirts, affects patient perceptions. It is unknown how surgeon appearance is associated with identification as a surgeon and perception of clinical skills, nor whether this differs between male and female surgeons.
An image-based survey was offered to all adult patients in four orthopaedic surgeons' sport medicine or foot and ankle clinics. Respondents viewed 10 photos of male and female models in varying attire and identified that individual's most likely role on the healthcare team. Then, in 10 photos pairs, respondents selected which surgeon showed more competence, ability to excel in performing the physical components of surgery, likelihood to provide a good surgical outcome, and trustworthiness.
Two hundred thirty-eight patients participated in the survey. Men were identified as surgeons significantly more frequently than women in similar clothing (P < 0.05) for all attire except a business attire without a WC (men: 18.2% vs women: 11.2%; P = 0.252). Patients ranked physicians wearing a WC with any attire as more competent and more likely to give a good surgical outcome than those without (all P < 0.005). Patients found women in feminine attire significantly less likely to excel in performing the physical parts of surgery than women in scrubs (P = 0.001).
Women surgeons who wear feminine business attire instead of scrubs may be perceived less able to perform the physical work of operating, but are otherwise rated comparably with their peers, both male and female. Surgeons wearing WC are generally perceived more favorably than those without WC, an effect that is magnified for perceptions of competence for female surgeons. Men are more readily identified as surgeons than women when wearing a similar attire, except for a business attire without WC. There are continuing differences in how patients perceive male and female orthopaedic surgeons based on their attire.
在骨科手术中，关于着装（包括白大褂和女性服装如裙子）如何影响患者的看法，相关研究较少。目前尚不清楚外科医生的外表与被识别为外科医生以及对临床技能的看法之间有何关联，也不知道这种关联在男女外科医生之间是否存在差异。
我们向四位骨科运动医学或足踝外科医生的所有成年患者提供了一项基于图像的调查。受访者观看了 10 张穿着不同服装的男女模特的照片，并确定了该个体在医疗团队中最有可能的角色。然后，在 10 对照片中，受访者选择哪一位外科医生表现出更高的能力、更出色地完成手术的身体部分、更有可能获得良好的手术结果以及更值得信赖。
共有 238 名患者参与了调查。在所有着装中，除了不穿白大褂的商务装外（男性：18.2%比女性：11.2%；P = 0.252），男性被识别为外科医生的频率明显高于女性。患者认为穿白大褂搭配任何服装的医生比不穿白大褂的医生更有能力且更有可能获得良好的手术结果（均 P < 0.005）。患者发现穿女性服装的女性医生在执行手术的身体部分方面明显不如穿手术服的女性医生（P = 0.001）。
穿女性商务装而不是手术服的女性外科医生可能会被认为在执行手术的体力工作方面能力不足，但在其他方面与男女同事的评价相当。与不穿白大褂的医生相比，穿白大褂的医生普遍更受患者欢迎，这种影响在女性外科医生的能力认知方面更为明显。当穿着类似的服装时，男性比女性更容易被识别为外科医生，除了不穿白大褂的商务装。患者对外科医生的看法仍存在基于性别的差异，主要体现在着装方面。
