Médico cirujano, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga (Colombia).
Estudiante de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga (Colombia).
Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol. 2020 Jun;71(2):163-177. doi: 10.18597/rcog.3425.
To conduct a systematic review of the literature and assess the acceptability and safety of the menstrual cup as a feminine hygiene product.
A search was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, PopLine and Google Scholar databases for publications be- tween 1966 and July 2019. The terms ("Menstrual" AND "Cup") OR ("Copa" AND "Menstrual") were used. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed studies were included, as well as case series and case reports published in English and Spanish assessing the menstrual cup in women in childbearing age. The studies were selected and the data extracted by two reviewers working independently. Acceptability and safety were assessed as the primary result. The summary of the information is presented in narrative form.
Overall, 737 titles were found for initial review and, in the end, 38 studies were included in this work. The acceptability of the menstrual cup ranges between 35 % and 90 %. Between 10 to 45 % of women found it difficult to use. It was described as more comfortable when compared to tampons and pads. Continued use of the cup ranges between 48 and 94 %. In terms of safety, there was one case of toxic shock syndrome, one case of mechanical entrapment, and another case of allergy; and a higher risk of expulsion was found among intrauterine device users.
The menstrual cup appears to be a comfortable, safe and efficient option for menstrual hygiene. Further randomized controlled studies and long-term prospective cohort studies are needed in order to determine the risk of complications due to excess bacterial colonization or retrograde menstruation.
对文献进行系统回顾，评估月经杯作为女性卫生用品的可接受性和安全性。
在 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆、Scopus、PopLine 和 Google Scholar 数据库中检索了 1966 年至 2019 年 7 月期间的出版物。使用了“Menstrual”和“Cup”或“Copa”和“Menstrual”这两个术语。纳入了定量、定性和混合研究，以及评估生育年龄妇女使用月经杯的病例系列和病例报告，这些研究均以英文和西班牙文发表。由两位独立工作的评审员选择研究和提取数据。可接受性和安全性被评估为主要结果。以叙述形式呈现信息摘要。
总的来说，最初审查发现了 737 个标题，最终纳入了 38 项研究。月经杯的可接受性在 35%到 90%之间。10%到 45%的女性发现使用它有困难。与卫生棉条和护垫相比，它被描述为更舒适。继续使用杯子的比例在 48%到 94%之间。就安全性而言，有一例中毒性休克综合征、一例机械性嵌塞和一例过敏；宫内节育器使用者的排出风险更高。
月经杯似乎是一种舒适、安全且有效的月经卫生选择。需要进一步的随机对照研究和长期前瞻性队列研究，以确定因过度细菌定植或逆行性月经引起的并发症风险。
