Instytut Psychiatrii i Neurologii, Klinika Psychiatrii Dzieci i Młodzieży.
Psychiatr Pol. 2020 Apr 30;54(2):359-380. doi: 10.12740/PP/105420.
The study presents neuropsychological characteristic of 16 individuals with manganese-induced parkinsonism due to intravenous ephedrone use.
Overall cognitive function screening as well as full examination of various cognitive domains (verbal learning, visual memory, working memory, executive functions, construction and visuospatial functions) with the use of elastic neuropsychological test battery were performed. Dyshartric speech disorders were also precisely evaluated. Additionally, all individuals filled in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which is used to assess mood.
All patients had evident dysarthric speech disorders accompanied with palilalia and writing disorders (micrographia) in the majority of investigated individuals. Neuropsychological screening diagnosis showed no overall cognitive deficits at the level of dementia. Mild decrease in verbal learning and visual memory processes was found; as well as ideomotor but no construction praxis disorders. Results of working memory and executive function assessment indicated decrease in cognitive flexibility and logical conceptualization abilities, as well as set-shifting disorders. Patients varied significantly in their severity of executive dysfunction. Duration of ephedrone use was found nonsignificant for patients' cognition. The mean BDI score indicated moderate depression. Higher level of depressive symptoms was associated with poorer overall cognitive screening, decrease of visual and verbal learning as well as phonemic verbal fluency.
本研究介绍了 16 例因静脉注射苯丙胺类兴奋剂（ephedrone）导致锰中毒性帕金森病患者的神经心理学特征。
采用弹性神经心理测试组合对所有患者进行了全面的认知功能筛查以及各认知领域（词语学习、视觉记忆、工作记忆、执行功能、结构和视空间功能）的详细检查。还对构音障碍进行了精确评估。此外，所有患者均填写了贝克抑郁量表（Beck Depression Inventory，BDI），以评估情绪。
所有患者均存在明显的构音障碍，伴有言语重复和书写障碍（小写症）。神经心理学筛查诊断未发现痴呆水平的整体认知缺陷。轻度词语学习和视觉记忆过程下降；运动性但无结构性操作障碍。工作记忆和执行功能评估结果表明认知灵活性和逻辑概念化能力下降，以及转换障碍。患者的执行功能障碍严重程度存在显著差异。苯丙胺类兴奋剂使用时间与患者认知功能无显著相关性。平均 BDI 评分表明存在中度抑郁。抑郁症状严重程度与整体认知筛查、视觉和词语学习以及语音流畅性下降有关。
