Giuliani Claudia, Bottoni Martina, Milani Fabrizia, Spada Alberto, Falsini Sara, Papini Alessio, Santagostini Laura, Fico Gelsomina
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Ghirardi Botanic Garden, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Religione 25, Toscolano Maderno, 25088 Brescia, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Jan 5;13(2):155. doi: 10.3390/plants13020155.
In this work, we studied , , and (Asteraceae) cultivated at the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Northern Italy) of the University of Milan. An integrative research approach was adopted: microscopic and histochemical, with special focus on the secretory structures responsible for the productivity of secondary metabolites; phytochemical, with the analysis of the essential oil (EO) profiles from the air-dried, flowered aerial parts collected in June 2021; bio-ecological, with emphasis, based on literature data, on the ecology and biological activity of the main EO components. In all three species, two basic trichome morphotypes (flagellar non-glandular and biseriate glandular) occurred with different distribution patterns. The glandular ones produced terpenes, along with flavonoids. A high level of chemical variability in the EO compositions emerged, specifically for qualitative data. profile was more complex and heterogeneous than those obtained from and , with camphor as the predominant compound, followed by farnesol and α-santalone, respectively. Finally, the obtained scientific findings were made available to the visitors of the botanic garden through new dissemination labeling that highlights the "invisible", microscopic features of the plants, from an Open Science perspective ("Botanic Garden, factories of molecules…work in progress"-Lombardy Region Project Lr. 25/2016, year 2021).
在这项工作中，我们研究了种植于米兰大学吉拉尔迪植物园（位于意大利北部布雷西亚省托斯科拉诺-马代尔诺市）的[具体植物 1]、[具体植物 2]和[具体植物 3]（菊科）。我们采用了一种综合研究方法：微观和组织化学方法，特别关注负责次生代谢产物合成的分泌结构；植物化学方法，分析 2021 年 6 月采集的风干、开花地上部分的精油（EO）成分；生物生态学方法，基于文献数据，重点研究主要 EO 成分的生态学和生物活性。在所有这三个物种中，出现了两种基本的毛状体形态类型（鞭状非腺毛和双列腺毛），其分布模式各不相同。腺毛产生萜类化合物以及黄酮类化合物。EO 成分中出现了高度的化学变异性，特别是在定性数据方面。[具体植物 1]的 EO 谱比从[具体植物 2]和[具体植物 3]获得的谱更复杂、更具异质性，其中樟脑是主要化合物，其次分别是法呢醇和α-檀香酮。最后，从开放科学的角度（“植物园，分子工厂……正在进行的工作”-伦巴第大区项目 Lr. 25/2016，2021 年），通过新的传播标签向植物园游客展示了所获得的科学发现，这些标签突出了植物“不可见”的微观特征。
