Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Ralston House, Penn Memory Center, ATTN: Maria Crudele, 3615 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2612, USA.
Ralston House, Penn Memory Center, ATTN: Maria Crudele, 3615 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2612, USA; Division of Geriatrics, Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/jasonkarlawish.
Med Clin North Am. 2020 Sep;104(5):807-825. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2020.06.007.
Clinicians should use a systematic approach to evaluating patients presenting with a concern for cognitive impairment. This approach includes interviewing a knowledgeable informant and performing a thorough mental status examination in order to determine the presence of functional impairments and the domains of cognition that are impaired. The results of this interview and examination determine the next steps of the diagnostic work-up. The pattern of cognitive impairment shapes the differential diagnosis. Treatment should address symptoms, and environmental, psychological, and behavioral interventions are essential.
临床医生应该采用系统的方法来评估出现认知障碍的患者。这种方法包括询问知情者并进行全面的精神状态检查，以确定是否存在功能障碍以及受损的认知领域。这些访谈和检查的结果决定了诊断工作的下一步。认知障碍的模式决定了鉴别诊断。治疗应该针对症状，环境、心理和行为干预至关重要。
