Gaillard Charlotte, Quiniou Nathalie, Gauthier Raphaël, Cloutier Laetitia, Dourmad Jean-Yves
Institut Agro, PEGASE, INRAE, Saint Gilles, France.
Institut du Porc, IFIP, Le Rheu, France.
J Anim Sci. 2020 Sep 1;98(9). doi: 10.1093/jas/skaa255.
Precision feeding (PF) with the daily mixing of 2 diets with different lysine content (high (H) or low (L)) was previously reported for growing pigs to reduce protein intake and N excretion compared with a conventional feeding (CF) based on a single diet (C). Using a simulation approach based on farm data, the objective of the present paper was to describe and evaluate a decision support system for the PF of gestating sows allowing the daily distribution of a tailored ration to each sow. Two datasets, 1 of 2,511 gestations (farm A) and 1 of 2,528 gestations (farm B), reporting sows' characteristics at insemination and objectives at farrowing were used as inputs for a Python model. This model, mainly based on InraPorc, calculates the nutrient requirements of each sow over gestation and simulates the impact of PF in comparison to CF. Simulated diets L, H, and C contained 3.0, 6.5, and 4.8 g/kg of standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) and 2.0, 3.3, and 2.5 g/kg of standardized total tract digestible phosphorus (STTD-P), respectively. The influence of farm, parity, gestation week, and their interactions, on calculated SID Lys and STTD-P requirements was analyzed applying a mixed model. The calculated SID Lys and STTD-P requirements increased markedly in the last third of gestation (P < 0.01) and were higher for primiparous than for multiparous sows, unless after week 14 for STTD-P requirement. The calculated SID AA and mineral requirements were lower for farm B than farm A (respectively, 2.94 vs. 3.08 g/kg for SID Lys and 1.30 vs. 1.35 g/kg for STTD-P, P < 0.01). On average, feed L represented 86% and 92% of the feed projected to be delivered by the PF strategy in farms A and B, respectively. Compared to CF, average calculated dietary SID Lys content was lowered by 27% and 32% with PF, for farms A and B, respectively, while average calculated dietary phosphorus content was lowered by 13% and 16%. The simulated proportions of sows in excess and deficient in SID Lys were reduced with PF. Compared to CF, the PF strategy allowed for a 3.6% reduction in simulated feed cost per sow during gestation, and reduced nitrogen and phosphorus intake (by 11.0% and 13.8%, respectively) and excretion (by 16.7% and 15.4%, respectively). To conclude, these simulations indicate that PF of gestating sow appears to be relevant to meet the amino acid requirement while reducing feed cost, and supplies and excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus.
先前有报道称，与基于单一日粮（C）的传统饲养（CF）相比，对生长猪采用每日混合两种赖氨酸含量不同（高（H）或低（L））的日粮进行精准饲喂（PF），可降低蛋白质摄入量和氮排泄量。本文基于农场数据采用模拟方法，旨在描述和评估一种用于妊娠母猪精准饲喂的决策支持系统，该系统可实现为每头母猪每日分配定制日粮。两个数据集，一个包含2511次妊娠（农场A），另一个包含2528次妊娠（农场B），记录了母猪配种时的特征和产仔目标，用作Python模型的输入。该模型主要基于InraPorc，计算每头母猪整个妊娠期的营养需求，并模拟精准饲喂与传统饲养相比的影响。模拟日粮L、H和C分别含有3.0、6.5和4.8克/千克的标准回肠可消化赖氨酸（SID Lys）以及2.0、3.3和2.5克/千克的标准全肠道可消化磷（STTD-P）。应用混合模型分析了农场、胎次、妊娠周及其相互作用对计算得出的SID Lys和STTD-P需求的影响。计算得出的SID Lys和STTD-P需求在妊娠最后三分之一阶段显著增加（P < 0.01），初产母猪的需求高于经产母猪，除非STTD-P需求在第14周之后。农场B计算得出的SID AA和矿物质需求低于农场A（SID Lys分别为2.94对3.08克/千克，STTD-P分别为1.30对1.35克/千克，P < 0.01）。平均而言，日粮L分别占农场A和B精准饲喂策略预计提供日粮的86%和92%。与传统饲养相比，精准饲喂时农场A和B计算得出的日粮平均SID Lys含量分别降低了27%和32%，而计算得出的日粮平均磷含量分别降低了13%和16%。精准饲喂降低了模拟中SID Lys过量和不足的母猪比例。与传统饲养相比，精准饲喂策略使每头妊娠母猪的模拟饲料成本降低了3.6%，并减少了氮和磷的摄入量（分别减少11.0%和13.8%）以及排泄量（分别减少16.7%和15.4%）。总之，这些模拟表明，妊娠母猪的精准饲喂似乎有助于满足氨基酸需求，同时降低饲料成本以及氮和磷的供应与排泄。
