Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland's Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
Australas J Dermatol. 2021 Feb;62(1):17-26. doi: 10.1111/ajd.13418. Epub 2020 Aug 10.
Chronic hand/foot eczemas are common, but treatment is often challenging, with widespread dissatisfaction over current available options. Detailed history is important, particularly with regard to potential exposure to irritants and allergens. Patch testing should be regarded as a standard investigation. Individual treatment outcomes and targets, including systemic therapy, should be discussed early with patients, restoring function being the primary goal, with clearing the skin a secondary outcome. Each new treatment, where appropriate, should be considered additive or overlapping to any previous therapy. Management extends beyond mere pharmacological or physical treatment, and requires an encompassing approach including removal or avoidance of causative factors, behavioural changes and social support. To date, there is little evidence to guide sequences or combinations of therapies. Moderately symptomatic patients (e.g. DLQI ≥ 10) should be started on a potent/super-potent topical corticosteroid applied once or twice per day for 4 weeks, with tapering to twice weekly application. If response is inadequate, consider phototherapy, and then a 12-week trial of a retinoid (alitretinoin or acitretin). Second line systemic treatments include methotrexate, ciclosporin and azathioprine. For patients presenting with severe symptomatic disease (DLQI ≥ 15), consider predniso(lo)ne 0.5-1.0 mg/kg/day (or ciclosporin 3 - 5 mg/kg/day) for 4-6 weeks with tapering, and then treating as for moderate disease as above. In non-responders, botulinum toxin and/or iontophoresis, if associated with hyperhidrosis, may sometimes help. Some patients only respond to long-term systemic corticosteroids. The data on sequencing of newer agents, such as dupilumab or JAK inhibitors, are immature.
慢性手/足湿疹较为常见,但治疗往往具有挑战性,患者对现有治疗方案普遍不满。详细的病史很重要,尤其是要注意潜在的刺激物和变应原暴露情况。斑贴试验应视为标准检查。应尽早与患者讨论个体化的治疗结果和目标,包括系统治疗,恢复功能是首要目标,其次是清除皮肤病变。在适当情况下,应将每种新治疗方法视为对之前任何治疗的附加或重叠治疗。治疗管理不仅限于药物或物理治疗,还需要采取全面的方法,包括去除或避免致病因素、行为改变和社会支持。迄今为止,指导治疗方案顺序或联合方案的证据很少。对于症状中度(例如,DLQI≥10)的患者,应开始使用强效/超强效外用皮质类固醇,每天 1 次或 2 次,持续 4 周,然后逐渐减少至每周 2 次。如果治疗反应不佳,可考虑光疗,然后进行为期 12 周的维 A 酸(阿利维 A 酸或阿维 A 酯)治疗。二线系统治疗包括甲氨蝶呤、环孢素和硫唑嘌呤。对于症状严重(DLQI≥15)的患者,可考虑泼尼松(龙)0.5-1.0mg/kg/天(或环孢素 3-5mg/kg/天),持续 4-6 周,然后逐渐减量,然后按照上述中度疾病的治疗方法进行治疗。对于无应答者,肉毒毒素和/或电离子透入治疗(如果与多汗症相关)有时可能会有帮助。一些患者仅对长期全身皮质类固醇有反应。关于新型药物(如度普利尤单抗或 JAK 抑制剂)的序贯治疗数据尚不成熟。