Durazzo Marilena, Lupi Giulia, Cicerchia Francesca, Ferro Arianna, Barutta Federica, Beccuti Guglielmo, Gruden Gabriella, Pellicano Rinaldo
Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C.so A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy.
3th Internal Medicine Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital, C.so Bramante 88, 10126 Turin, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2020 Aug 7;9(8):2559. doi: 10.3390/jcm9082559.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined by the presence of symptoms induced by the reflux of the stomach contents into the esophagus. Although clinical manifestations of GERD typically involve the esophagus, extra-esophageal manifestations are widespread and less known. In this review, we discuss extra-esophageal manifestations of GERD, focusing on clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment. Common extra-esophageal manifestations of GERD include chronic cough, asthma, laryngitis, dental erosions, and gingivitis. Extra-esophageal involvement can be present also when classic GERD symptoms are absent, making the diagnosis more challenging. Although available clinical studies are heterogeneous and frequently of low quality, a trial with proton pump inhibitors can be suggested as a first-line diagnostic strategy in case of suspected extra-esophageal manifestations of GERD.
胃食管反流病（GERD）的定义是胃内容物反流至食管所引发的症状。尽管GERD的临床表现通常累及食管，但食管外表现广泛且鲜为人知。在本综述中，我们讨论GERD的食管外表现，重点关注临床表现、诊断和治疗。GERD常见的食管外表现包括慢性咳嗽、哮喘、喉炎、牙齿侵蚀和牙龈炎。当缺乏典型的GERD症状时，也可能存在食管外受累情况，这使得诊断更具挑战性。尽管现有的临床研究存在异质性且质量往往较低，但对于疑似GERD食管外表现的情况，可建议使用质子泵抑制剂进行试验作为一线诊断策略。
