Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 Aug 7;56(8):395. doi: 10.3390/medicina56080395.
The all-out mode of sprint interval training (SIT) has been shown to be an efficient method for improving sports performance, exercise capacity, and aerobic fitness. Although the benefits of SIT are well described, the mechanisms underlying the different degrees of response remain largely unexplored. We aimed to assess the effects of exertion on the responsiveness to SIT. The participants were 28 young untrained men (mean ± SD age 25.7 ± 6.03 years) who exhibited either a large or small increase in Wingate test average power in response to nine SIT sessions performed over three weeks. Each training session comprised four-six bouts of 30 s all-out cycling interspaced with 4 min of rest. Individual responses were assessed using heart rate (HR) during exercise for all nine sessions, as well as blood lactate concentration up to 1 h, and the decrement in maximal voluntary knee extension torque (MVC) up to 24 h after the first and last training sessions. Peak oxygen uptake (VOpeak) and maximum HR were measured before and after training during an incremental cycling test to exhaustion. Although all participants showed benefits of SIT such as increased VOpeak, the increase in anaerobic cycling power varied between participants. We identified 17 high responders and nine low responders, whose average power outputs were 0.80 ± 0.22 and 0.22 ± 0.19 W/kg, respectively. The HR achieved during any of the training sessions did not differ between high and low responders. The lactate kinetics did not differ between groups before and after the intervention. Training resulted in a more rapid recovery of MVC without any discernible differences between the high and low responders. The differences in the responses to SIT are not dependent on the exertion level during training.
全力冲刺间歇训练（SIT）已被证明是提高运动表现、运动能力和有氧适能的有效方法。尽管 SIT 的益处已得到充分描述，但不同反应程度的机制仍在很大程度上未被探索。我们旨在评估运动强度对 SIT 反应的影响。
参与者为 28 名未经训练的年轻男性（平均±标准差年龄 25.7±6.03 岁），他们在三周内进行了九次 SIT 训练，其中一些人在 9 次 SIT 训练中，平均功率有显著提高，而另一些人则没有。每次训练课程包括四到六次 30 秒的全力自行车骑行，中间间隔 4 分钟休息。使用所有 9 次训练期间的运动中心率（HR）以及 1 小时内的血乳酸浓度和首次和末次训练后 24 小时内最大自主膝关节伸展扭矩（MVC）的下降来评估个体反应。在递增式自行车至力竭测试中，在训练前后测量峰值摄氧量（VOpeak）和最大 HR。
虽然所有参与者都表现出了 SIT 的益处，如 VOpeak 增加，但无氧自行车功率的增加在参与者之间有所不同。我们确定了 17 名高反应者和 9 名低反应者，他们的平均功率输出分别为 0.80±0.22 和 0.22±0.19 W/kg。在任何训练期间，高反应者和低反应者的 HR 没有差异。干预前后，两组的乳酸动力学没有差异。训练导致 MVC 更快恢复，而高反应者和低反应者之间没有明显差异。
SIT 反应的差异不依赖于训练期间的运动强度。
