Sonawane Jayesh M, Ezugwu Chizoba I, Ghosh Prakash C
Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry and Centre for Global Engineering, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
ACS Sens. 2020 Aug 28;5(8):2297-2316. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01299. Epub 2020 Aug 14.
Environmental pollution has been a continuous threat to sustainable development and global well-being. It has become a significant concern worldwide to combat the ecological crisis using low-cost innovative technologies. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) is a key indicator to comprehend the quality of water to guarantee environmental safety and human health; however, none of the present technologies are capable of online monitoring of the water at the source. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are a promising technology for simultaneous power generation and wastewater treatment. MFCs have also been shown in fascinating applications to measure and detect the toxic pollutants present in wastewater. These are the bioreactors where exoelectrogenic microorganisms catalyze the conversion of the inherent chemical energy stored in organic compounds to electrical energy. Sensors employ energy conversion to measure BOD, which is considered an international index for the detection of organic material load present in wastewater. The MFC-based BOD sensors have gone through a wide range of advancement from mediator to mediator-less, double chamber to single-chamber, and large size to miniature. There have been detailed studies to improve the accuracy and reproducibility of the sensors for commercial applications. Additionally, multistage MFC-based BOD biosensors and miniature MFC-BOD sensors have also been ubiquitous in recent years. A considerable amount of work has been carried out to improve the performance of these devices by fabricating the proton exchange membranes and altering catalysts at the cathode. However, there remains a dearth for the fabrication of the devices in aspects like suitable microbes, proton exchange membranes, and cheaper catalysts for cathodes for effective real-time monitoring of wastewater. In this review, an extensive study has been carried out on various MFC-based BOD sensors. The efficiency and drawbacks associated with the different MFC-based BOD sensors have been critically evaluated, and future perspectives for their development have been investigated. The breadth of work compiled in this review will accelerate further research in MFC-based BOD biosensors. It will be of great importance to broad ranges of scientific research and industry.
环境污染一直是可持续发展和全球福祉的持续威胁。利用低成本创新技术应对生态危机已成为全球关注的重大问题。生物需氧量（BOD）是理解水质以保障环境安全和人类健康的关键指标；然而，目前的技术都无法对水源处的水进行在线监测。微生物燃料电池（MFC）是一种用于同时发电和废水处理的有前景的技术。MFC在测量和检测废水中存在的有毒污染物方面也有引人入胜的应用。这些是生物反应器，其中产电微生物催化将有机化合物中储存的固有化学能转化为电能。传感器利用能量转换来测量BOD，BOD被认为是检测废水中有机物质负荷的国际指标。基于MFC的BOD传感器已经经历了从有媒介到无媒介、双室到单室、大尺寸到微型的广泛发展。为提高传感器在商业应用中的准确性和可重复性进行了详细研究。此外，基于多级MFC的BOD生物传感器和微型MFC-BOD传感器近年来也很普遍。通过制造质子交换膜和改变阴极催化剂，已经开展了大量工作来提高这些设备的性能。然而，在合适的微生物、质子交换膜以及用于阴极的更便宜催化剂等方面，对于有效实时监测废水的设备制造仍存在不足。在本综述中，对各种基于MFC的BOD传感器进行了广泛研究。对不同基于MFC的BOD传感器的效率和缺点进行了批判性评估，并研究了它们未来的发展前景。本综述中汇编的广泛工作将加速基于MFC的BOD生物传感器的进一步研究。这对于广泛的科学研究和工业将具有重要意义。
