Nabil Ahmed, Uto Koichiro, Elshemy Mohamed M, Soliman Reham, Hassan Ayman A, Ebara Mitsuhiro, Shiha Gamal
Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
EXCLI J. 2020 Jul 20;19:992-1016. doi: 10.17179/excli2020-2554. eCollection 2020.
Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped viruses with non-segmented, single-stranded, and positive-sense RNA genomes. In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in Wuhan City, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak as a global pandemic in March 2020. Fever, dry cough and fatigue are found in the vast majority of all COVID-19 cases. Early diagnosis, treatment and future prevention are keys to COVID-19 management. Currently, the unmet need to develop cost-effective point-of-contact test kits and efficient laboratory techniques for confirmation of COVID-19 infection has powered a new frontier of diagnostic innovation. No proven effective therapies or vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 currently exist. The rapidly increasing research regarding COVID-19 virology provides a significant number of potential drug targets. Remdesivir may be the most promising therapy up till now. On May 1, 2020, Gilead Sciences, announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted emergency use authorization (EUA) for the investigational Remdesivir as a potential antiviral for COVID-19 treatment. On May 7, 2020, Gilead Sciences, announced that the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) has granted regulatory approval of Veklury® (Remdesivir) as a treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection, the virus that causes COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome, under an exceptional approval pathway. Also, Corticosteroids are recommended for severe cases only to suppress the immune response and reduce symptoms, but not for mild and moderate patients where they are associated with a high-risk side effect. Based on the currently published evidence, we tried to highlight different diagnostic approaches, side effects and therapeutic agents that could help physicians in the frontlines.
冠状病毒是一组包膜病毒，具有不分节段的单链正链RNA基因组。2019年12月，中国武汉市爆发了由新型严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。世界卫生组织（WHO）于2020年3月宣布该冠状病毒疫情为全球大流行。绝大多数COVID-19病例都有发热、干咳和乏力症状。早期诊断、治疗和未来预防是COVID-19管理的关键。目前，开发具有成本效益的即时检测试剂盒和有效的实验室技术以确认COVID-19感染这一未满足的需求推动了诊断创新的新前沿。目前尚无经证实有效的针对SARS-CoV-2的疗法或疫苗。关于COVID-19病毒学的研究迅速增加，提供了大量潜在的药物靶点。瑞德西韦可能是迄今为止最有前景的疗法。2020年5月1日，吉利德科学公司宣布，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）已授予研究性药物瑞德西韦紧急使用授权（EUA），作为一种潜在的抗COVID-19治疗药物。2020年5月7日，吉利德科学公司宣布，日本厚生劳动省（MHLW）已根据特殊审批途径批准Veklury®（瑞德西韦）用于治疗SARS-CoV-2感染，即引起COVID-19急性呼吸综合征的病毒。此外，仅建议对重症病例使用皮质类固醇来抑制免疫反应并减轻症状，而对于轻症和中症患者不建议使用，因为它们会带来高风险的副作用。基于目前已发表的证据，我们试图突出不同的诊断方法、副作用和治疗药物，以帮助一线医生。
