Baumgartner H R, Hosang M
F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. Ltd, Pharmaceutical Research Department, Basel, Switzerland.
Experientia. 1988 Feb 15;44(2):109-12. doi: 10.1007/BF01952191.
Platelets participate in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and in the progression of atherosclerosis by adhering to the damaged arteries and subsequently forming mural thrombi which are either swept away and embolize or are endothelialized and thus become part of the vessel wall. Rheologic considerations predict and blood perfusion experiments using flow chambers with exposed vessel wall components demonstrate that platelet participation increases with the wall shear rate and is thus particularly important in stenosed arteries (acute thrombosis) and the microvasculature (hemostasis). In addition to their involvement in thrombosis, activated platelets release growth factors, most notably a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) which may be the principal mediator of smooth muscle cell migration from the media into the intima and of smooth muscle cell proliferation in the intima as well as of vasoconstriction. The recent discovery that PDGF can be produced by additional cells involved in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis (endothelial cells, monocytes/macrophages, smooth muscle cells themselves) and that they may play a role in tumorigenesis has tremendously increased the interest in this growth factor and in potential antagonists.
血小板通过黏附于受损动脉并随后形成壁血栓参与动脉粥样硬化的发病机制和动脉粥样硬化的进展，这些壁血栓要么被冲走并形成栓子，要么被内皮化，从而成为血管壁的一部分。流变学研究预测，并且使用带有暴露血管壁成分的流动腔室进行的血液灌注实验表明，血小板的参与随着壁剪切速率的增加而增加，因此在狭窄动脉（急性血栓形成）和微血管系统（止血）中尤为重要。除了参与血栓形成外，活化的血小板还释放生长因子，最显著的是血小板衍生生长因子（PDGF），它可能是平滑肌细胞从血管中膜迁移到内膜以及内膜中平滑肌细胞增殖以及血管收缩的主要介质。最近发现，参与动脉粥样硬化发病机制的其他细胞（内皮细胞、单核细胞/巨噬细胞、平滑肌细胞自身）也能产生PDGF，并且它们可能在肿瘤发生中起作用，这极大地增加了人们对这种生长因子及其潜在拮抗剂的兴趣。
