Sano Nobuyuki, Kyougoku Makoto
Kibi International University of Japan Health Welfare Laboratory, Takahashi, Okayama, Japan.
Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences and Social Welfare, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Okayama, Japan.
Prog Rehabil Med. 2017 Feb 24;2:20170003. doi: 10.2490/prm.20170003. eCollection 2017.
Elderly people's success in attaining rehabilitation goals may be heavily dependent on their achievement motive, but research has not identified the factors that impact on achievement motive or suggested any effective interventions to enhance it. This study demonstrated the effects of personality traits, theories of intelligence, and other factors on achievement motive among community-dwelling elderly people.
The dataset consisted of questionnaire responses from 281 elderly people in day-service or day-care centers. A hypothetical model, based on previous research, proposed that achievement motive would be affected by personality traits, theory of intelligence, and other factors (such as drinking and smoking habits, going out for activities, marital status, and hobbies); that personality traits would have some effect on the theory of intelligence and other factors; and that the theory of intelligence would affect personal factors. The hypothetical model was analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach.
The model was modified by removing statistically insignificant paths to achievement motive. The modified model exhibited an excellent fit and showed that achievement motive was affected by personality traits, going out for activities, and marital status (although, surprisingly, single people had stronger achievement motive). The model had an adjusted R of 0.593 (P < 0.001) for achievement motive.
The results indicated that three of the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) tend to enhance elderly people's motivation to achieve their goals; moreover, going out more frequently and being single were also associated with achievement motive.
老年人在实现康复目标方面的成功可能很大程度上取决于他们的成就动机，但研究尚未确定影响成就动机的因素，也未提出任何有效的干预措施来增强成就动机。本研究揭示了人格特质、智力理论及其他因素对社区居家老年人成就动机的影响。
数据集由来自日间服务或日托中心的281名老年人的问卷调查回复组成。基于先前研究提出的一个假设模型认为，成就动机将受到人格特质、智力理论及其他因素（如饮酒和吸烟习惯、外出活动、婚姻状况和爱好）的影响；人格特质会对智力理论及其他因素产生一定影响；智力理论会影响个人因素。使用结构方程建模方法对该假设模型进行分析。
通过去除通往成就动机的统计上不显著的路径对模型进行了修改。修改后的模型显示出良好的拟合度，并表明成就动机受到人格特质、外出活动和婚姻状况的影响（尽管令人惊讶的是，单身人士的成就动机更强）。该模型对成就动机的调整后R值为0.593（P < 0.001）。
结果表明，大五人格特质中的三种（外向性、尽责性和开放性）倾向于增强老年人实现目标的动机；此外，更频繁外出和单身也与成就动机相关。
