Smith J G
Occupational Health Branch, Department of Labour, Victoria, Australia.
Hum Toxicol. 1988 Jan;7(1):15-9. doi: 10.1177/096032718800700103.
All reported cases of paraquat poisoning by absorption through the skin are briefly reviewed. It is concluded that, while paraquat cannot be absorbed significantly through intact human skin, damage to the skin, either by paraquat itself or by other means, will permit greater systemic absorption and possibly poisoning. The lowest known concentration of paraquat to result in fatal poisoning through the skin is 5 g/l. Animal experiments with paraquat are also reviewed. The fact that the reported lethal dermal dose of paraquat in rats is slightly less than the oral dose is probably due to the lack of head restraint on the rats in the dermal dosing experiments. In vivo and in vitro tests on human skin at concentrations of 9 g/l and 5 g/l did not result in significant absorption of paraquat through the skin but in these experiments the skin was intact.
本文简要回顾了所有经皮肤吸收百草枯中毒的报告病例。得出的结论是，虽然百草枯不能通过完整的人体皮肤大量吸收，但百草枯本身或其他方式对皮肤造成的损伤会使更多的百草枯被全身吸收并可能导致中毒。已知通过皮肤导致致命中毒的百草枯最低浓度为5克/升。本文还回顾了百草枯的动物实验。报告显示大鼠经皮致死剂量略低于经口致死剂量，这可能是由于在经皮给药实验中大鼠头部未受限制。在浓度为9克/升和5克/升的条件下，对人体皮肤进行的体内和体外测试并未导致百草枯通过皮肤大量吸收，但在这些实验中皮肤是完整的。
