Todorova Lara, Neville David A
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jul 23;11:955. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00955. eCollection 2020.
Words can either boost or hinder the processing of visual information, which can lead to facilitation or interference of the behavioral response. We investigated the stage (response execution or target processing) of verbal interference/facilitation in the response priming paradigm with a gender categorization task. Participants in our study were asked to judge whether the presented stimulus was a female or male face that was briefly preceded by a gender word either congruent (prime: "man," target: "man"), incongruent (prime: "woman," target: "man") or neutral (prime: "day," target: "man") with respect to the face stimulus. We investigated whether related word-picture pairs resulted in faster reaction times in comparison to the neutral word-picture pairs (facilitation) and whether unrelated word-picture pairs resulted in slower reaction times in comparison to neutral word-picture pairs (interference). We further examined whether these effects (if any) map onto response conflict or aspects of target processing. In addition, identity ("man," "woman") and associative ("tie," "dress") primes were introduced to investigate the cognitive mechanisms of semantic and Stroop-like effects in response priming (introduced respectively by associations and identity words). We analyzed responses and reaction times using the drift diffusion model to examine the effect of facilitation and/or interference as a function of the prime type. We found that regardless of prime type words introduce a facilitatory effect, which maps to the processes of visual attention and response execution.
词语既可以促进也可以阻碍视觉信息的处理，这可能导致行为反应的促进或干扰。我们在一个性别分类任务的反应启动范式中研究了言语干扰/促进的阶段（反应执行或目标处理）。我们研究中的参与者被要求判断呈现的刺激是女性还是男性面孔，在面孔刺激之前会短暂出现一个与面孔刺激一致（启动词：“男人”，目标：“男人”）、不一致（启动词：“女人”，目标：“男人”）或中性（启动词：“白天”，目标：“男人”）的性别词。我们研究了与中性词-图片对相比，相关词-图片对是否会导致更快的反应时间（促进），以及与中性词-图片对相比，不相关词-图片对是否会导致更慢的反应时间（干扰）。我们进一步研究了这些效应（如果有的话）是否映射到反应冲突或目标处理的方面。此外，引入了身份（“男人”，“女人”）和联想（“领带”，“连衣裙”）启动词，以研究反应启动中语义和类似斯特鲁普效应的认知机制（分别由联想词和身份词引入）。我们使用漂移扩散模型分析反应和反应时间，以检验促进和/或干扰效应作为启动词类型的函数。我们发现，无论启动词类型如何，词语都会产生促进效应，这映射到视觉注意和反应执行的过程中。
