中国学龄前儿童中与多毛宠物相关的喘息和鼻炎：与早期生活潮湿和霉菌、饲养多毛宠物、室外温度、细颗粒物和可吸入颗粒物的关联
Furry pet-related wheeze and rhinitis in pre-school children across China: Associations with early life dampness and mould, furry pet keeping, outdoor temperature, PM and PM.
作者信息
Lu Chan, Norbäck Dan, Zhang Yinping, Li Baizhan, Zhao Zhuohui, Huang Chen, Zhang Xin, Qian Hua, Sun Yuexia, Wang Juan, Liu Wei, Sundell Jan, Deng Qihong
机构信息
XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
出版信息
Environ Int. 2020 Nov;144:106033. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106033. Epub 2020 Aug 11.
BACKGROUND
Few Chinese population studies exist on early life risk factors for furry pet allergy.
OBJECTIVES
We studied childhood respiratory symptoms when in contact with furry pets in relation to early life exposure. Moreover, we studied similar environmental associations for rhinitis not related to furry pets.
METHODS
Children aged 3-6 y from day care centres in seven Chinese cities participated (N = 39,782). Parents answered a questionnaire on home environment and children's health, including rhinoconjunctivitis and wheeze when in contact with furry pets, and diagnosed rhinitis. Prenatal and postnatal outdoor temperature, PM, PM, and NO were calculated using data from monitoring stations. Associations were estimated by multilevel logistic regression.
RESULTS
Totally 2% had cats, 4% dogs, and 3.2% had rhinoconjunctivitis or wheeze when in contact with furry pets (FP symptoms). Moreover, 1.1% had furry pet related diagnosed rhinitis and 7.5% had diagnosed rhinitis not related to furry pets (other diagnosed rhinitis). Prenatal PM and PM, especially in second trimester, and a colder climate were risk factors for FP symptoms. ETS, dampness and mould, condensation on windows in wintertime, and cats and dog keeping were associated with FP symptoms. Breast feeding and frequent window opening were protective. Similar indoor associations were found for furry pet related diagnosed rhinitis. ETS, dampness and mould, window condensation, urbanization and mechanical exhaust ventilation were risk factors for other diagnosed rhinitis. Cooking with an electric stove and early life exposure to animals (cats, dogs, farm environment during pregnancy) were protective for diagnosed rhinitis not related to furry pets.
CONCLUSIONS
Prenatal outdoor PM and PM can be risk factors for symptoms suggestive of furry pet allergy. Early life dampness and mould can be risk factors for rhinitis related and not related to furry pets. Exposure to animals (cats, dogs, farm environment) may reduce diagnosed rhinitis not related to furry pets.
背景
关于中国人群中与有毛宠物过敏相关的早期生活危险因素的研究较少。
目的
我们研究了儿童在接触有毛宠物时的呼吸道症状与早期生活暴露之间的关系。此外，我们还研究了与有毛宠物无关的鼻炎的类似环境关联因素。
方法
来自中国七个城市日托中心的3至6岁儿童参与了研究（N = 39782）。家长回答了一份关于家庭环境和儿童健康的问卷，包括接触有毛宠物时的鼻结膜炎和喘息，以及已诊断的鼻炎。利用监测站的数据计算产前和产后的室外温度、颗粒物（PM）、PM以及一氧化氮（NO）。通过多水平逻辑回归估计关联。
结果
共有2%的儿童养猫，4%养狗，3.2%的儿童在接触有毛宠物时出现鼻结膜炎或喘息（有毛宠物相关症状）。此外，1.1%的儿童患有与有毛宠物相关的已诊断鼻炎，7.5%的儿童患有与有毛宠物无关的已诊断鼻炎（其他已诊断鼻炎）。产前的PM和PM，尤其是在孕中期，以及较寒冷的气候是有毛宠物相关症状的危险因素。环境烟草烟雾（ETS）、潮湿和霉菌、冬季窗户上的冷凝水以及养猫和养狗与有毛宠物相关症状有关。母乳喂养和经常开窗具有保护作用。对于与有毛宠物相关的已诊断鼻炎，发现了类似的室内关联因素。ETS、潮湿和霉菌、窗户冷凝水、城市化和机械排气通风是其他已诊断鼻炎的危险因素。使用电炉做饭以及早期生活中接触动物（猫、狗、孕期农场环境）对与有毛宠物无关的已诊断鼻炎具有保护作用。
结论
产前室外的PM和PM可能是提示有毛宠物过敏症状的危险因素。早期生活中的潮湿和霉菌可能是与有毛宠物相关和无关的鼻炎的危险因素。接触动物（猫、狗、农场环境）可能会减少与有毛宠物无关的已诊断鼻炎。
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