XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Environ Int. 2019 Feb;123:61-69. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.033. Epub 2018 Nov 26.
Few longitudinal studies exist on childhood exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution and respiratory illness in China. We studied associations between indoor and outdoor environment and prevalence, onset and remission of wheeze and rhinitis among children across China.
Children (3-6 y) were recruited from randomized day care centres in six cities. The main data analysis was restricted to children not moving since birth (N = 17,679). Data on wheeze, rhinitis and the home environment were assessed by a parental questionnaire. Prevalence in the first two years of life (baseline) and the last year (follow-up) was used to calculate onset and remission. Outdoor PM, PM, and NO at the day care centre were modelled from monitoring station data. Associations were calculated by multilevel logistic regression.
Prenatal NO was associated with decreased remission of wheeze and increased prevalence and increased onset of rhinitis. Prenatal PM was associated with increased prevalence of wheeze. Postnatal NO and postnatal PM were associated with increased prevalence and lower remission of wheeze and rhinitis. Mould, window pane condensation, renovation and cockroaches at home were associated with increased prevalence and increased onset of wheeze and rhinitis. Gas cooking was associated with increased onset of rhinitis. Children of mothers with industrial work had more wheeze.
Outdoor PM, PM and NO can increase childhood wheeze and rhinitis. Dampness and mould can increase onset and decrease remission. Crowdedness, cockroaches at home and emissions from new building materials and gas cooking can be risk factors for wheeze and rhinitis.
在中国，关于儿童期暴露于室内和室外空气污染与呼吸道疾病的纵向研究较少。本研究旨在研究室内和室外环境与喘息和鼻炎在全国儿童中的患病率、发病和缓解之间的关系。
研究对象为来自六个城市的随机日托中心的儿童（3-6 岁）。主要数据分析仅限于自出生以来未搬家的儿童（N=17679）。通过家长问卷评估喘息、鼻炎和家庭环境的数据。在生命的头两年（基线）和最后一年（随访）的患病率用于计算发病和缓解。日托中心的室外 PM、PM 和 NO 采用监测站数据进行建模。采用多水平逻辑回归计算相关性。
产前 NO 与喘息缓解减少、鼻炎患病率增加和发病增加有关。产前 PM 与喘息患病率增加有关。出生后 NO 和 PM 与喘息和鼻炎的患病率增加以及缓解减少有关。家中霉菌、窗玻璃冷凝、装修和蟑螂与喘息和鼻炎的患病率增加以及发病增加有关。煤气烹饪与鼻炎发病增加有关。母亲从事工业工作的儿童喘息更多。
室外 PM、PM 和 NO 可增加儿童喘息和鼻炎。潮湿和霉菌会增加发病并减少缓解。拥挤、家中蟑螂以及新建筑材料和煤气烹饪的排放可能是喘息和鼻炎的危险因素。
