Department of Maxillo Facial Surgery, Italian Stomatological Institute, Milan, Italy.
J Craniofac Surg. 2020 Oct;31(7):1879-1882. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006731.
Soft-tissue contour deficiencies depend on various origins including esthetics, congenital and post trauma asymmetries, post tumor defects, and chronic wound sequelae. Reconstructions or repairs are still a challenge today. Fat grafting is an old reconstructive technique dating back to 1893, but it has only recently become popular, especially among plastic surgeons. Being generally disregarded by medical practitioners for many years, adipose tissue has come into the spotlight because it is omnipresent and easily obtainable in substantial quantities with little patient discomfort and no relevant donor-site morbidity. Particularly, adipose tissue contains more multipotent cells per cc than bone marrow does. For example, 1 g of adipose tissue yields ∼5 × 10 stem cells, that is, 100-fold higher than the number of mesenchymal stem cells in 1 g of bone marrow. In reconstructive surgery, both adipose tissue aspiration and fat transfer have become typical surgical procedures. It is quite easy to harvest an abundant volume of tissue, obtaining a large amount of isolated stem and therapeutically active cells without needing cell expansion in tissue culture facilities. This procedure will likely mark the beginning of a new era in both regenerative medicine and facial-craniofacial reconstructions.
软组织轮廓缺陷取决于多种原因，包括美学、先天和创伤后不对称、肿瘤后缺陷以及慢性伤口后遗症。重建或修复仍然是当今的一个挑战。脂肪移植是一种古老的重建技术，可以追溯到 1893 年，但直到最近才变得流行起来，尤其是在整形外科医生中。多年来，脂肪组织一直被医疗从业者普遍忽视，但由于其无处不在，并且可以大量、少量患者不适且无相关供区发病率地获得，因此它已成为关注的焦点。特别是，脂肪组织每立方厘米所含的多能细胞比骨髓多。例如，1 克脂肪组织可产生约 5×10 个干细胞，这是 1 克骨髓中间充质干细胞数量的 100 倍。在重建手术中，脂肪抽吸和脂肪移植都已成为典型的手术程序。很容易收获大量的组织，获得大量分离的干细胞和治疗活性细胞，而不需要在组织培养设施中进行细胞扩增。这一过程可能标志着再生医学和头面部重建的新时代的开始。
