Ballesteros Daniel, Fanega-Sleziak Natalia, Davies Rachael M
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, UK.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2180:663-682. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0783-1_36.
Seeds are one of the preferable and most used sources of germplasm for the ex situ preservation of plant genetic resources. They are generally stored dry at -20 °C in seed banks following international standards. However, some seeds do not tolerate drying and/or storage at -20 °C, or present short lifespans at these conditions. For them cryopreservation is indicated for long-term preservation. When seeds tolerate desiccation (i.e., orthodox seeds), they can be dried at about 32 ± 3% relative humidity at 18 °C and stored in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen. This is the method followed in the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for wild species with short lifespans in the standard conditions of seed banks. When seeds do not tolerate desiccation (i.e., recalcitrant seeds) or their tolerance to desiccation and/or -20 °C storage is limited (i.e., intermediate seeds), drying and cooling procedures must be adjusted, and often, cryoprotection is also required. Some methods are detailed for diverse species of temperate and tropical origin.
种子是植物遗传资源迁地保护中较为理想且使用最广泛的种质资源之一。按照国际标准，它们通常在种子库中于-20°C下干燥保存。然而，一些种子不耐干燥和/或在-20°C下储存，或者在这些条件下寿命较短。对于它们而言，冷冻保存适用于长期保存。当种子耐受干燥时（即正统种子），可在18°C下于相对湿度约32±3%的条件下干燥，并储存在液氮的气相中。这是英国皇家植物园邱园千年种子库针对在种子库标准条件下寿命较短的野生植物所采用的方法。当种子不耐干燥时（即顽拗性种子），或者它们对干燥和/或-20°C储存的耐受性有限时（即中间性种子），干燥和冷却程序必须进行调整，而且通常还需要进行冷冻保护。文中详细介绍了一些针对不同温带和热带起源物种的方法。
