Breman Elinor, Ballesteros Daniel, Castillo-Lorenzo Elena, Cockel Christopher, Dickie John, Faruk Aisyah, O'Donnell Katherine, Offord Catherine A, Pironon Samuel, Sharrock Suzanne, Ulian Tiziana
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, Haywards Heath, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK.
Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, London TW9 3BW, UK.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Nov 3;10(11):2371. doi: 10.3390/plants10112371.
There is a pressing need to conserve plant diversity to prevent extinctions and to enable sustainable use of plant material by current and future generations. Here, we review the contribution that living collections and seed banks based in botanic gardens around the world make to wild plant conservation and to tackling global challenges. We focus in particular on the work of Botanic Gardens Conservation International and the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, with its associated global Partnership. The advantages and limitations of conservation of plant diversity as both living material and seed collections are reviewed, and the need for additional research and conservation measures, such as cryopreservation, to enable the long-term conservation of 'exceptional species' is discussed. We highlight the importance of networks and sharing access to data and plant material. The skill sets found within botanic gardens and seed banks complement each other and enable the development of integrated conservation (linking in situ and ex situ efforts). Using a number of case studies we demonstrate how botanic gardens and seed banks support integrated conservation and research for agriculture and food security, restoration and reforestation, as well as supporting local livelihoods.
迫切需要保护植物多样性，以防止物种灭绝，并使当代和后代能够可持续地利用植物材料。在此，我们回顾了世界各地植物园中的活植物收集和种子库对野生植物保护及应对全球挑战所做的贡献。我们特别关注国际植物园保护联盟以及英国皇家植物园邱园千年种子库及其相关全球伙伴关系的工作。本文回顾了将植物多样性作为活植物材料和种子收集进行保护的优点和局限性，并讨论了开展额外研究及采取冷冻保存等保护措施以实现 “珍稀物种” 长期保护的必要性。我们强调了网络以及共享数据和植物材料的重要性。植物园和种子库中的技能组合相互补充，有助于开展综合保护工作（将原地保护和迁地保护工作联系起来）。通过一些案例研究，我们展示了植物园和种子库如何支持农业和粮食安全、恢复和重新造林的综合保护与研究，以及如何支持当地生计。
