Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
J Nutr Biochem. 2020 Nov;85:108482. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108482. Epub 2020 Aug 12.
Flavonoids, including anthocyanins, are polyphenolic compounds present in fruits, vegetables and dietary supplements. They can be absorbed from the intestine to the bloodstream or pass into the large intestine. Various bacterial species and enzymes are present along the entire intestine. The aim of the present work was to investigate the intestinal metabolism of selected dietary polyphenol and polyphenol glycosides (quercetin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, and delphinidin-3-O-galactoside) by human fecal bacteria. Moreover, the metabolism of metabolites formed from these compounds in human colon carcinoma cells (Caco-2) was also point of the interest. Test compounds were added to fresh human stool in broth or to Caco-2 cells in medium and then incubated for 6 or 20 h at 37°C. After incubation, samples were prepared for LC/MS determination. Main metabolic pathways were deglycosylation, hydrogenation, methylation, hydroxylation, and decomposition. 2,4,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, as a metabolite of cyanidin glycosides, was detected after incubation for the first time. Metabolites formed by fecal bacteria were further glucuronidated or methylated by intestinal enzymes. This metabolite profiling of natural compounds has helped to better understand the complex metabolism in the human intestine and this work also has shown the connection of metabolism of natural substances by intestinal bacteria followed by metabolism in intestinal cells.
类黄酮，包括花青素，是存在于水果、蔬菜和膳食补充剂中的多酚化合物。它们可以从肠道吸收到血液中，也可以进入大肠。各种细菌种类和酶存在于整个肠道中。本工作的目的是研究人粪便细菌对选定的膳食多酚和多酚糖苷（槲皮素、矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-半乳糖苷和飞燕草素-3-O-半乳糖苷）的肠道代谢作用。此外，还研究了这些化合物在人结肠癌细胞（Caco-2）中形成的代谢产物的代谢情况。将测试化合物加入新鲜的人粪便悬液或培养基中的 Caco-2 细胞中，然后在 37°C 下孵育 6 或 20 小时。孵育后，将样品制备用于 LC/MS 测定。主要代谢途径为去糖基化、加氢、甲基化、羟化和分解。首次检测到花色苷糖苷的代谢产物 2,4,5-三羟基苯甲醛。粪便细菌形成的代谢物进一步由肠道酶进行葡萄糖醛酸化或甲基化。这种天然化合物的代谢物分析有助于更好地理解人体肠道中的复杂代谢，本工作还表明了肠道细菌对天然物质的代谢与肠道细胞中的代谢之间的联系。
