Oluma Adugna, Abadiga Muktar, Mosisa Getu, Etafa Werku, Fekadu Ginenus
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
Int J Food Sci. 2020 Jul 25;2020:8825453. doi: 10.1155/2020/8825453. eCollection 2020.
Food insecurity and HIV/AIDS are intertwined in a vicious cycle through nutritional, mental health, and behavioral pathways. Food insecurity is a potentially important barrier to the success of antiretroviral treatment, increased hospitalizations, and higher morbidity among HIV-infected individuals in resource-poor settings particularly in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of food insecurity among people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up at public hospitals of western Ethiopia.
An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a sample of 428 among people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up at public hospitals of western Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to include all participants. Data was collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences window version 21 for analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. Bivariable logistic and multivariable logistic analyses were used with AOR at CI 95% and < 0.05 were used.
The finding of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents 221(53.1%) were female. The mean age of the respondents was 32.92 ± 7.304 years and 197 (47.4%) of the study participants were between 30 to 39 years' age group. The level of food insecurity among PLWHA receiving ART therapy was 68.8% which was partitioned as mild (23.32%), moderate (29.09%), and severe (16.35%) food in secured. Being single [AOR = 3.507(1.377, 8.934)], illiterate [AOR = 5.234(1.747, 15.686)], cigarette smoking [AOR = 3.577(2.104, 6.081)], presence of anemia (AOR = 2.650(1.563, 4.493)], and inadequate dietary diversity [AOR = 2.870(1.088, 7.569)] were predictors of food insecurity.
The prevalence of food insecurity was high. Educational status, marital status, cigarette smoking, presence of anemia, opportunistic infection, and inadequate dietary diversity were the major significant factors affecting food insecurity. We recommended a national health policy maker to integrate food and nutrition interventions as part of a package of care, treatment, and support services for people living with HIV and ART follower patients.
粮食不安全与艾滋病毒/艾滋病通过营养、心理健康和行为途径交织在一个恶性循环之中。在资源匮乏的地区，尤其是包括埃塞俄比亚在内的撒哈拉以南非洲地区，粮食不安全是抗逆转录病毒治疗取得成功、住院率增加以及艾滋病毒感染者发病率上升的一个潜在重要障碍。因此，本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚西部公立医院接受随访的艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者中粮食不安全的患病率。
在埃塞俄比亚西部公立医院接受随访的艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者中抽取428名样本，进行基于机构的横断面研究设计。采用系统随机抽样技术纳入所有参与者。使用由访谈员管理的结构化问卷收集数据。数据录入Epi数据3.1版本，然后导出到社会科学统计软件包窗口版本21进行分析。采用描述性和推断性统计。使用双变量逻辑回归和多变量逻辑回归分析，计算95%置信区间的调整后比值比（AOR），P<0.05具有统计学意义。
研究结果显示，大多数受访者221名（53.1%）为女性。受访者的平均年龄为32.92±7.304岁，197名（47.4%）研究参与者年龄在30至39岁之间。接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒感染者中粮食不安全水平为68.8%，分为轻度（23.32%）、中度（29.09%）和重度（16.35%）粮食不安全。单身[AOR=3.507（1.377，8.934）]、文盲[AOR=5.234（1.747，15.686）]、吸烟[AOR=3.577（2.104，6.081）]、贫血（AOR=2.650（1.563，4.493）]以及饮食多样性不足[AOR=2.870（1.088，7.569）]是粮食不安全的预测因素。
粮食不安全的患病率很高。教育状况、婚姻状况、吸烟、贫血、机会性感染以及饮食多样性不足是影响粮食不安全的主要显著因素。我们建议国家卫生政策制定者将粮食和营养干预措施纳入为艾滋病毒感染者和接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的患者提供的护理、治疗和支持服务套餐中。
